Hickory Township is located in Schuyler County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 154 and it contained 78 housing units.
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 95.16%) is land and (or 4.84%) is water.
It is bordered by Fulton County, Illinois, to the north; by the Illinois River to the east and south; and by Browning Township to the west.