Hee Lanmi (), also spelled as Hi Lanmi or Hee Lanmee, refers to the boat army or naval force of the traditional Meitei military. It was one of the three divisions of the military, along with Khong Lanmi (infantry) and Sagol Lanmi (cavalry). The Hee Lanmi played a crucial role in both warfare and transportation, especially in a time when roads and bridges were few.
The Hee Lanmi was an essential part of ManipurâÂÂs military and cultural history. It reflected the adaptability of the Meitei military system, using the regionâÂÂs natural waterways for defense, trade, and communication, and forming a unique naval tradition that combined warfare and cultural celebration.
In ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur), the region was filled with rivers, lakes, swamps, and wetlands. Due to the lack of proper roads, boats were widely used for travel, trade, and communication. The Meitei kings developed the Hee Lanmi to carry out military operations on water. This force was skilled in rowing, fighting on boats, and handling various weapons while at sea or river.
To maintain a strong naval force, the kings:
The Hiyang Loishang (Department of Boat Building) was responsible for constructing war boats. King Khagemba even set up a department called Mayang Hishaba Loishang, specifically for boat makers.
Though there was no strict distinction between infantry and cavalry uniforms, members of the armed forces (including the boat army) typically wore:
High-ranking officers, such as generals, wore Khamenchatpa and decorated their headdresses with Pajeng Phiral (the champion's flag).
The Hee Lanmi allowed Meitei kings to conduct military campaigns via rivers, secure trade routes, and improve communication with distant regions. The annual boat races not only strengthened the navy but also kept the people engaged in cultural and martial traditions.
Historical texts like the Shang Panabagi Masil mention the activities of the Department of War, including cutting trees and bamboo to construct boats and clear waterways.