The Heliozelidae, commonly known as shield-bearer moths, are a family of small, day flying monotrysian moths distributed worldwide. The larvae of most heliozelid species are leaf miners who cut distinctive shield-shaped cases from the surface of the host leaf, hence the common name. Some species are considered pests of commercial crops such as grapevines, cranberries, and walnuts. The taxonomy of this family is poorly understood.
Classification
This family includes the following genera and species:
- Antispila <small>Hübner, 1825</small>
- A. ampelopsia <small>Kuroko, 1961</small>
- A. argostoma <small>Meyrick, 1916</small>
- A. aristarcha <small>Meyrick, 1916</small>
- A. aurirubra <small>Braun, 1915</small>
- A. chlorosema <small>Meyrick, 1931</small>
- A. cleyerella <small>Lee, 2006</small>
- A. corniella <small>Kuroko, 1961</small>
- A. cornifoliella <small>Clemens, 1860</small>
- A. cyclosema <small>Meyrick, 1921</small>
- A. distyliella <small>Lee, Hirowatari & Kuroko, 2006</small>
- A. emeishanensis <small>Liao, Yagi, Hirowatari & Huang, 2019</small>
- A. freemani <small>Lafontaine, 1973</small>
- A. grimella <small>(Hübner, 1824)</small>
- A. hikosana <small>Kuroko, 1961</small>
- A. inouei <small>Kuroko, 1987</small>
- A. isabella <small>Clemens, 1860</small>
- A. isorrhythma <small>Meyrick, 1926</small>
- A. iviella <small>Kuroko, 1961</small>
- A. kunyuensis <small>Wang, Liu, Xu & Jiang, 2018</small>
- A. longcangensis <small>Liao, Yagi, Hirowatari & Huang, 2019</small>
- A. merinaella <small>Paulian & Viette, 1955</small>
- A. mesogramma <small>Meyrick, 1921</small>
- A. metallella <small>(Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)</small>
- A. nolckeni <small>Zeller, 1877</small>
- A. nyssaefoliella <small>Clemens, 1860</small>
- A. orbiculella <small>Kuroko, 1961</small>
- A. orthodelta <small>Meyrick, 1931</small>
- A. pentalitha <small>Meyrick, 1916</small>
- A. petryi <small>Martini, 1899</small>
- A. postscripta <small>Meyrick, 1921</small>
- A. praecincta <small>Meyrick, 1921</small>
- A. purplella <small>Kuroko, 1961</small>
- A. sinensis <small>Liu & Wang, 2017</small>
- A. stachjanella <small>Dziurzynski, 1948</small>
- A. tateshinensis <small>Kuroko, 1987</small>
- A. trypherantis <small>Meyrick, 1916</small>
- A. uenoi <small>Kuroko, 1987</small>
- Coptodisca <small>Walsingham, 1895</small>
- C. arbutiella <small>Busck, 1904</small>
- C. cercocarpella <small>Braun, 1925</small>
- C. condaliae <small>Busck, 1900</small>
- C. diospyriella <small>(Chambers, 1874)</small>
- C. ella <small>(Chambers, 1871)</small>
- C. juglandella <small>(Chambers, 1874)</small>
- C. juglandiella <small>(Chambers, 1874)</small>
- C. kalmiella <small>Dietz, 1921</small>
- C. lucifluella <small>(Clemens, 1860)</small>
- C. magnella <small>Braun, 1916</small>
- C. matheri <small>Lafontaine, 1974</small>
- C. negligens <small>Braun, 1920</small>
- C. ostryaefoliella <small>(Clemens, 1861)</small>
- C. powellella <small>Opler, 1971</small>
- C. quercicolella <small>Braun, 1927</small>
- C. rhizophorae <small>Walsingham, 1897</small>
- C. ribesella <small>Braun, 1925</small>
- C. saliciella <small>(Clemens, 1861)</small>
- C. splendoriferella <small>(Clemens, 1860)</small>
- Heliozela <small>Herrich-Schäffer, 1853</small>
- H. aesella <small>(Chambers, 1877)</small>
- H. ahenea <small>(Walsingham, 1897)</small>
- H. anantia <small>(Meyrick, 1897)</small>
- H. anna <small>(Fletcher, 1920)</small>
- H. argyrozona <small>(Meyrick, 1918)</small>
- H. autogenes <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. castaneella <small>Inoue, 1982</small>
- H. catoptrias <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. crypsimetalla <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. cuprea <small>(Walsingham, 1897)</small>
- H. eucarpa <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. eugeniella <small>(Busck, 1900)</small>
- H. gracilis <small>(Zeller, 1873)</small>
- H. hammoniella <small>Sorhagen, 1885</small>
- H. isochroa <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. lithargyrella <small>Zeller, 1850</small>
- H. microphylla <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. nephelitis <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. praeustella <small>(Deventer, 1904)</small>
- H. prodela <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. resplendella <small>Stainton, 1851</small>
- H. rutilella <small>(Walker, 1864)</small>
- H. sericiella <small>Haworth</small>
- H. siderias <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. sobrinella <small>(Deventer, 1904)</small>
- H. subpurpurea <small>(Meyrick, 1934)</small>
- H. trisphaera <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- Hoplophanes <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. acrozona <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. aglaodora <small>(Meyrick, 1897)</small>
- H. argochalca <small>(Meyrick, 1897)</small>
- H. chalcolitha <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. chalcopetala <small>(Meyrick, 1897)</small>
- H. chalcophaedra <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. chlorochrysa <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. electritis <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. haplochrysa <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. hemiphragma <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. heterospila <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. memoranda <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. monosema <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. niphochalca <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. panchalca <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. peristera <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. phaeochalca <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. philomacha <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. porphyropla <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. semicuprea <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
- H. tritocosma <small>Meyrick, 1897</small>
References
External links