Harlan is an unincorporated community in Smith County, Kansas, United States.
Harlan was named for John C. Harlan, a pioneer settler.
A post office was opened in Harlan in the 1870s, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1995.
Harlan is served by Smith Center USD 237 public school district.
Harlan High School was closed through school unification. The Harlan High School mascot was Cardinals.