Celaenorrhinus is a genus of skipper butterflies which are commonly termed sprites. An alternate name is flats, for their habit of holding their wings flat when resting, but this is also used for related genera. They are the type genus of tribe Celaenorrhinini.
Celaenorrhinus species are found in most tropical regions. However, rather than a monophyletic genus the group appears to be a paraphyletic assemblage, and will probably be split up in the future.
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Celaenorrhinus and are split into three large species groups:
Africa species group
- Celaenorrhinus ambra <small>Evans, 1937</small>
- Celaenorrhinus ankasa <small>Larsen & Miller, 2005</small>
- Celaenorrhinus aureus <small>Collins & Larsen, 2005</small>
- Celaenorrhinus bakolo <small>Miller, 1964</small>
- Celaenorrhinus beni <small>Bethune-Baker, 1908</small>
- Celaenorrhinus bettoni <small>Butler, 1902</small>
- Celaenorrhinus boadicea <small>(Hewitson, 1877)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus chrysoglossa <small>(Mabille, 1891)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus cordeironis <small>Kielland, 1992</small>
- Celaenorrhinus dargei <small>Berger, 1976</small>
- Celaenorrhinus galenus <small>(Fabricius, 1793)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus handmani <small>Collins & Congdon, 1998</small>
- Celaenorrhinus hecqui <small>Berger, 1976</small>
- Celaenorrhinus homeyeri <small>(Plötz, 1880)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus humbloti <small>(Mabille, 1884)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus illustris <small>(Mabille, 1891)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus illustroides <small>Miller, 1971</small>
- Celaenorrhinus intermixtus <small>Aurivillius, 1896</small>
- Celaenorrhinus kasai <small>Evans, 1956</small>
- Celaenorrhinus kimboza <small>Evans, 1949</small>
- Celaenorrhinus kivuensis <small>Joicey & Talbot, 1921</small>
- Celaenorrhinus leona <small>Berger, 1975</small>
- Celaenorrhinus lourentis <small>de Jong, 1976</small>
- Celaenorrhinus macrostictus <small>Holland, 1893</small>
- Celaenorrhinus meditrina <small>(Hewitson, 1877)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus milleri <small>Collins & Larsen, 2003</small>
- Celaenorrhinus nigropunctata <small>Bethune-Baker, 1908</small>
- Celaenorrhinus nimba <small>Collins & Larsen, 2000</small>
- Celaenorrhinus ovalis <small>Evans, 1937</small>
- Celaenorrhinus perlustris <small>Rebel, 1914</small>
- Celaenorrhinus plagiatus <small>Berger, 1976</small>
- Celaenorrhinus proxima <small>(Mabille, 1877)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus rubeho <small>Kielland, 1990</small>
- Celaenorrhinus sagamase <small>Collins & Larsen, 2005</small>
- Celaenorrhinus sanjeensis <small>Kielland, 1990</small>
- Celaenorrhinus selysi <small>Berger, 1955</small>
- Celaenorrhinus suzannae <small>Berger, 1976</small>
- Celaenorrhinus toro <small>Evans, 1937</small>
- Celaenorrhinus uluguru <small>Kielland, 1990</small>
- Celaenorrhinus zanqua <small>Evans, 1937</small>
Asia species group
- Celaenorrhinus aspersa <small>Leech, 1891</small>
- Celaenorrhinus maculosa <small>(C. & R. Felder, [1867])</small>
- Celaenorrhinus inexspectus <small>Devyatkin, 2000</small>
- Celaenorrhinus phuongi <small>Devyatkin, 2001</small>
- Celaenorrhinus incestus <small>Devyatkin, 2000</small>
- Celaenorrhinus major <small>Hsu, 1990</small>
- Celaenorrhinus kuznetsovi <small>Devyatkin, 2000</small>
- Celaenorrhinus yaojiani <small>Huang & Wu, 2003</small>
- Celaenorrhinus oscula <small>Evans, 1949</small>
- Celaenorrhinus consanguinea <small>Leech, 1891</small>
- Celaenorrhinus ratna <small>Fruhstorfer, 1909</small>
- Celaenorrhinus pulomaya <small>(Moore, [1866])</small>
- Celaenorrhinus horishanus <small>Shirôzu, 1963</small>
- Celaenorrhinus pero <small>de Nicéville, 1889</small>
- Celaenorrhinus choui <small>Gu, 1994</small>
- Celaenorrhinus ruficornis <small>(Mabille, 1878)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus ambareesa <small>(Moore, [1866])</small>
- Celaenorrhinus spilothyrus <small>(Felder, 1868)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus sumitra <small>(Moore, [1866])</small>
- Celaenorrhinus pyrrha <small>de Nicéville, 1889</small>
- Celaenorrhinus pahangensis <small>Naylor, 1962</small>
- Celaenorrhinus leucocera <small>(Kollar, [1844])</small>
- Celaenorrhinus putra <small>(Moore, [1866])</small>
- Celaenorrhinus munda <small>Moore, 1884</small>
- Celaenorrhinus nigricans <small>(de Nicéville, 1885)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus asmara <small>(Butler, [1879])</small>
- Celaenorrhinus inaequalis <small>Elwes & Edwards, 1897</small>
- Celaenorrhinus ficulnea <small>(Hewitson, 1868)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus ladana <small>(Butler, 1870)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus patula <small>de Nicéville, 1889</small>
- Celaenorrhinus tibetana <small>(Mabille, 1876)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus andamanica <small>(Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus badia <small>(Hewitson, 1877)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus dhanada <small>Moore, [1866]</small>
- Celaenorrhinus bazilanus <small>(Fruhstorfer, 1909)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus entellus <small>(Hewitson, 1867)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus flavocincta <small>(de Nicéville, 1887)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus halconis <small>de Jong & Treadaway, 1993</small>
- Celaenorrhinus kiku <small>Hering, 1918</small>
- Celaenorrhinus kurosawai <small>Shirôzu, 1963</small>
- Celaenorrhinus morena <small>Evans, 1949</small>
- Celaenorrhinus patuloides <small>de Jong, 1981</small>
- Celaenorrhinus plagifera <small>de Nicéville, 1889</small>
- Celaenorrhinus saturatus <small>Elwes & Edwards, 1897</small>
- Celaenorrhinus toxopei <small>de Jong, 1981</small>
- Celaenorrhinus treadawayi <small>de Jong, 1981</small>
- Celaenorrhinus zea <small>Swinhoe, 1909</small>
America species group
- Celaenorrhinus aegiochus <small>(Hewitson, 1876)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus anchialus <small>(Mabille, 1878)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus approximatus <small>Williams & Bell, 1940</small>
- Celaenorrhinus astrigera <small>(Butler, 1877)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus autochton <small>Steinhauser & Austin, 1996</small>
- Celaenorrhinus bifurcus <small>Bell, 1934</small>
- Celaenorrhinus cynapes <small>(Hewitson, 1870)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus disjunctus <small>Bell, 1940</small>
- Celaenorrhinus eligius <small>(Stoll, [1781])</small>
- Celaenorrhinus fritzgaertneri <small>(Bailey, 1880)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus jao <small>(Mabille, 1889)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus monartus <small>(Plötz, 1884)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus orneates <small>Austin, 1996</small>
- Celaenorrhinus par <small>Steinhauser & Austin, 1996</small>
- Celaenorrhinus savia <small>(Evans, 1952)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus shema <small>(Hewitson, 1877)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus similis <small>Hayward, 1933</small>
- Celaenorrhinus songoensis <small>Draudt, 1922</small>
- Celaenorrhinus stallingsi <small>Freeman, 1946</small>
- Celaenorrhinus stola <small>Evans, 1952</small>
- Celaenorrhinus suthina <small>(Hewitson, 1877)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus syllius <small>(C. & R. Felder, 1862)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus tritonae <small>(Weeks, 1901)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus vagra <small>Evans, 1952</small>
Former species
- Celaenorrhinus aurivittata <small>(Moore, 1878)</small> - transferred to Aurivittia aurivittata <small>(Moore, 1878)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus mokeezi <small>(Wallengren, 1857)</small> - transferred to Apallaga mokeezi <small>(Wallengren, 1857)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus pooanus <small>Aurivillius, 1910</small> - transferred to Apallaga pooanus <small>(Aurivillius, 1910)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus rutilans <small>(Mabille, 1877)</small> - transferred to Apallaga rutilans <small>(Mabille, 1877)</small>
- Celaenorrhinus vietnamicus <small>Devyatkin, 1998</small> - transferred to Aurivittia vietnamicus <small>(Devyatkin, 1998)</small>
Genus characteristics
The following is a description of the genus from an old work and may not account for more recent taxonomic changes.
References
- , 1934: New Hesperiidae from Trinidad and Peru (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). American Museum Novitates 745: 1-6. Full article: http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/2109/1/N0745.pdf.
- , 2001: Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 9. Three new species and one new subspecies from the subfamily Pyrginae (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Atalanta 32 (3/4): 403-410.
- 2003: Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 14: A new species of the genus Celaenorrhinus Hübner 1819 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Atalanta 34 (1/2): 115-118. Abstract: https://web.archive.org/web/20140810040059/http://dfzs.info/363.html.
- , 2004, Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist Part 4A; Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea
- , 2008, A new species of Celaenorrhinus (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) from N Myanmar, Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan 59 (3): 241-242. Abstract and full article: http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110007034433/en.
- , 1992 (1991): Notas sinonÃÂmicas sobre Hesperiidae Neotropicais, com descrições de novos géneros, espécies e subespécies (Lepidoptera). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 7 (4): 503-524. Full article: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbzool/v7n4/v7n4a09.pdf.
- , 1971: Descriptions of new species and notes on other Hesperiidae of Africa. Bull. Allyn Museum 2: 1-17. Full article: http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/mcguire/allyn_pdfs/AME02.pdf
- , 2008: Checklist of Afrotropical Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea.
External links