Johann "Hans" Joseph Kmoch (July 25, 1894 â February 13, 1973) was an Austrian-Dutch-American chess International Master (1950), International Arbiter (1951), and a chess journalist and author, for which he is best known.
Kmoch had most of his best competitive results between 1925 and 1931. He won at Debrecen 1925 with 10/13 over a field which had 12 of the world's top 56 players, a Chessmetrics performance rating of 2696. At Budapest 1926, he shared 3rdâÂÂ5th places with 9/15 behind winners Ernst Grünfeld and Mario Monticelli. Kmoch shared 2ndâÂÂ3rd places at Kecskemét 1927 with 6/9 behind the winner, World Chess Champion Alexander Alekhine. At Vienna 1928, Kmoch placed 6th with 8/13 as Richard Réti won. Then at the Trebitsch Memorial, Vienna 1928, Kmoch shared 3rdâÂÂ6th places with 6/10, half a point behind Gruenfeld and Sándor Takács. At Brno 1928, Kmoch placed 3rd with 6/9, with Réti and Friedrich Sämisch winning. Kmoch won at Ebensee 1930 with 6/7, ahead of Erich Eliskases.
Kmoch represented Austria three times at the Chess Olympiads. At London 1927, he played board three and scored 6ý/12 (+4âÂÂ3=5); at Hamburg 1930, he was on board one, and scored 8/14 (+6âÂÂ4=4), as Austria placed fourth; then at Prague 1931, Kmoch was on board three and scored 9/15 (+4âÂÂ1=10). Overall, he scored 23ý/41 (+14âÂÂ8=19), for 57.3%.
His last good tournament result was 2nd at Baarn 1941 with 5ý/7, behind Max Euwe. Kmoch stopped playing competitively after this tournament to focus on chess writing and management of chess events.
Kmoch had written for the magazine Wiener Schachzeitung from the early 1920s. His Die Kunst der Verteidigung (The Art of Defence) was the first chess book devoted to this subject. In 1930, Kmoch updated the Bilguier openings handbook, and wrote the tournament book for the Carlsbad 1929 event.
In 1929 and 1934, Kmoch served as Alexander Alekhine's second in his world championship matches against Efim Bogoljubow. Kmoch and his Jewish wife Trudy lived in the Netherlands from 1932 to 1947. Kmoch also served as Alekhine's second in the 1935 title match against Max Euwe, and he wrote a book on the match. In 1941, he wrote a book on the best games of Akiba Rubinstein.
After World War II ended, Kmoch and his wife moved to the United States, settling in New York City. Kmoch served as the Secretary and manager of the Manhattan Chess Club, and directed tournaments. He also wrote for Chess Review, then one of the leading American chess magazines. It was he who dubbed a young Bobby Fischer's 1956 victory over Donald Byrne in the Third Rosenwald Tournament the "Game of the Century" in the December 1956 issue.
In 1956, he wrote his most famous book, Pawn Power in Chess (German: Die Kunst der Bauernführung), which is notorious for its use of neologisms ("ram", "lever", "sweeper", "sealer", "quartgrip", "monochromy", etc.).
Several openings lines are named after Kmoch.
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