Hanover Township is one of ten townships in Jefferson County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 5,592 (up from 5,366 at 2010) and it contained 2,030 housing units.
Thomas A. Hendricks Library on the campus of Hanover College was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 98.84%) is land and (or 1.16%) is water. The streams of Chain Mill Creek and Happy Valley Creek run through this township.
The township contains four cemeteries: Carmel, Greenbriar, Hanover and Old Bethel.
The school district is Southwestern Jefferson County Consolidated Schools. The comprehensive high school is Southwestern High School.