Hajji Gawhar Khanum (Persian: ÃÂçìÃÂàïÃÂÃÂñ îçÃÂà) is the first Qajar era female poet and astronomer whose poetry has been printed. Her father was Musa Khan Qavanlu, and her mother Tiqun Khanum - was the 12th daughter of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar. lrzá Ahmad Khán Fátih al-Molk, Isfahan's major constitutional supporter, funded her divan (large collection of poems) to be printed in May 1902 in the city. Her writings are composed of ShiâÂÂi religious poetry, giving praise to the Prophet, Imams, and Fatima. Gawhar also praises Qajar women.
Mahd-e Olia, mother of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, played a significant role in Gawhar's poetic journey, whereas poetry dedicated both to the mother and the son, circulates. When Mahd-e Olia's attention fell on Gawhar's literary work, she invited her to participate in a women-only gathering, composing the poetry for them. Gawhar also wrote about the sister of the Shah - 'Izzat al-Dawla. She described her relationship with the princess as a âÂÂheteroerotic romance between her as lover and the princess as the perfect embodiment of human beautyâÂÂ. In her writings she also referred to the shah's daughter as the âÂÂpearl of the kingly seaâÂÂ, âÂÂthe light of the whole worldâÂÂ, praising her beauty, her âÂÂsilvery chestâÂÂ, and her âÂÂsun-like faceâÂÂ.