Gustaf Oscar Peyron (5 January 1828 – 2 March 1915) was a Swedish military officer and politician.
He was born in Nyköping, into the Swedish nobility, as the son of future Minister for War Gustaf Peyron. From 1885 to 1896 he was Commander-in-chief of the 1st Military District.
Gustaf Oscar Peyron later followed in his father's footsteps and acted as Minister for War between 4 October 1887 and 6 February 1888.