Gulgeldy Annaniyazov is an activist from Turkmenistan. He was initially arrested in 1995 for organizing a peaceful protest. After four years, he was released under a presidential pardon and fled to Kazakhstan and eventually Norway. Following the death of Saparmurat Niyazov and the resulting change in government, he moved back to Turkmenistan in 2008. At that point, he was arrested again on charges of "illegal border crossing", and sentenced to eleven years in prison, even though the Turkmen criminal code stipulates a maximum sentence of ten years for that charge. Another five years were later added to the charge. He was released from prison in 2019, but is still in "conditions that amount to detention".
Turkmenistan became independent from the Soviet Union in 1991; however Saparmurat Niyazov remained president for life. In response to this, Annaniyazov along with other members of the "Ashgabat Eight" organized the country's first pro-democracy protest. The government of Turkmenistan routinely quashes dissidents.
Following his 1995 arrest, there were reports that he was subjected to torture, and one of his co-defendants, Charymurat Gurov died in prison. He was released in January 1999, allegedly to coincide with a visit from Human Rights Watch to Turkmenistan.
Following his release, he left the country for Kazakhstan, and eventually Norway, where he received political asylum in 2002. Following the death of Niyazov, Annaniyazov returned to Turkmenistan in 2008, hoping to contribute to democratic change. He was arrested again at a family home in 2008. He was sentenced to eleven years in prison in a closed trial on October 7.
His wife and three of his children remained in Norway. Another daughter was allegedly prevented from leaving Turkmenistan after his arrest.
He was moved to Garabogaz in March 2019, a "Caspian coastal area where the salted air makes breathing difficult, and which takes days for visitors, including, family members in Ashgabat, to travel to visit", and where he is still being forced to work for the government. In May 2019, his family was allowed to visit him for the first time since his arrest.
The Working Group on Arbitrary Detention issued an opinion that the detention of Annaniyazov violated international law on 27 August 2013.
United States Senators Dick Durbin, Patrick Leahy, Sherrod Brown and Representative Tom Malinowski wrote a letter to Berdymukhamedov asking for the release of Annaniyazov, along with Nurgeldy Halykov and Khursanai Ismatullaeva in November 2021. He was also included in a letter, signed by eleven senators, calling for the release of unjustly detained prisoners in Central Asia.
The Ambassador from Norway to the OCSE emphasized Annaniyazov's case in relation to Turkmenistan's human rights record.