The family Gryllidae contains the subfamilies and genera which entomologists now term true crickets. Having long, whip-like antennae, they belong to the Orthopteran suborder Ensifera, which has been greatly reduced in the last 100 years (e.g. Imms): taxa such as the tree crickets, spider-crickets and their allies, sword-tail crickets, wood or ground crickets and scaly crickets have been moved or elevated to family level. The type genus is Gryllus and the first use of the family name "Gryllidae" was by Francis Walker.
They have a worldwide distribution (except Antarctica). The most familiar field crickets (Gryllinae) are characteristically robust brown or black insects; the largest members of the family are the -long bull crickets (Brachytrupes) which excavate burrows a metre or more deep.
Subfamilies
The family is divided into these subfamily groups, subfamilies, and extinct genera (not placed within any subfamily):
- Subfamily group Gryllinae <small>Laicharting, 1781</small> â common or field crickets
- Gryllinae <small>Laicharting, 1781</small> (now includes Sclerogryllini <small>Gorochov, 1985</small>)
- Gryllomiminae <small>Gorochov, 1986</small> monotypic: Gryllomimus <small>Chopard, 1936</small> (Africa)
- Gryllomorphinae <small>Saussure, 1877</small>
- â Gryllospeculinae <small>Gorochov, 1985</small>
- â Araripegryllus Martins-Neto 1987 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian ?Weald Clay, United Kingdom, Hauterivian
- â Brontogryllus Martins-Neto 1991 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
- â Gryllospeculum Gorochov 1985 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
- â Mongolospeculum Gorochov 1985 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
- â Proararipegryllus Gorochov & Coram, 2022
- Gryllinae incertae sedis
- Capillogryllus
- â Cratogryllus Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
- Neogryllodes
- Rhabdotogryllus
- â Sharovella
- Spinogryllus
- â Trichogryllus
- Itarinae <small>Shiraki, 1930</small>
- Landrevinae <small>Gorochov, 1982</small>
- Subfamily Eneopterinae <small>Saussure, 1893</small> â bush crickets (American usage), not to be confused with the Tettigoniidae (katydids or bush crickets)
- Subfamily unplaced: most extinct
- genus â Achetomorpha <small>Gorochov, 2019</small> Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian
- genus â Eneopterotrypus â monotypic <small>Zeuner, 1937</small> Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian
- genus â Fanzus â monotypic <small>Zessin, 2019</small> Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian
- genus â Gryllidium <small>Westwood, 1854</small>
- genus â Lithogryllites <small>Cockerell, 1908</small> Florissant Formation, United States, Eocene
- genus Menonia â monotypic M. cochinensis <small>George, 1936</small> (tentative placement)
- genus â Nanaripegryllus â monotypic <small>Martins-Neto, 2002</small> Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
- genus â Pherodactylus â monotypic <small>Poinar, Su & Brown, 2020,</small> Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
- genus â Proeneopterotrypus <small>Gorochov, 2019</small> â monotypic â P. danicus <small>(Rust, 1999)</small> Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian
See also
References
External links