GroÃÂenhain (; also written as Grossenhain; , ) is a GroÃÂe Kreisstadt (German for major district town) in the district of Meissen, Saxony, Germany. It was originally known as Hayne. The current name simply means "big Hayne".
GroÃÂenhain was originally a Sorbian settlement, and remains an area where this language is spoken.
It was first mentioned in 1205. It was for a time occupied by the Bohemians, by whom it was strongly fortified. It afterwards came into the possession of the margraves of Meissen, from whom it was taken in 1312 by the margraves of Brandenburg. In the middle-ages, GroÃÂenhain was one of the most powerful towns in Saxony.
It suffered considerably in all the great German wars, and in 1744 was nearly destroyed by fire. The fire destroyed the church which was then replaced by the current Marienkirche, which echoes internally echoes the Frauenkirche in nearby Dresden.
On 16 May 1813 a battle took place here between the French (Napoleon's army) and the Russians.
A military airfield was created near the town, opening in February 1914. From 1945 to 1993, this served as an air base of the Soviet Air Force, complete with a secret facility storing nuclear weapons.
Kulturzentrum Grossenhain (the culture centre) was recently created, cleverly converting the ruined fragments of Schloss Grossenhain into a modern building.
On 24 May 2010 GroÃÂenhain was hit by a rain-wrapped F3 tornado which killed 1 and injured 40 others. This event made sirens sound for 60 seconds in and around GroÃÂenhain. The fatality was a 6-year-old girl who was killed by a falling tree.
GroÃÂenhain is located on the river Röder, northwest of Dresden, and east of Riesa. It is also situated on Via Regia from Görlitz to Santiago de Compostela.
The town GroÃÂenhain consists of GroÃÂenhain proper and the following Ortschaften or municipal divisions:
These Ortschaften correspond with former municipalities or their divisions, that were absorbed into GroÃÂenhain between 1994 and 2010. The localities GroÃÂraschütz, Kleinraschütz, Mülbitz, Naundorf, Zschauitz and Zschieschen are former municipalities that were absorbed into GroÃÂenhain between 1913 and 1961.
There are two train stations in GroÃÂenhain. The GroÃÂenhain Berliner Bahnhof had been out of service since 2002, leaving only the GroÃÂenhain Cottbusser Bahnhof, served by trains from Dresden to Elsterwerda, Cottbus and Hoyerswerda.
GroÃÂenhain is accessible by car via BundesstraÃÂe 98 and BundesstraÃÂe 101.