The Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta () is the head of government of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, an autonomous region of Indonesia.
Unlike other provinces in Indonesia, the position of governor is traditionally held by the reigning Sultan of Yogyakarta, reflecting the region's unique monarchical system.
The governance structure of the Special Region of Yogyakarta was established in the early years after independence through a charter issued in 1945 by President Sukarno, along with later laws including Law No. 22 of 1948, Law No. 3 of 1950, Law No. 1 of 1957, Law No. 18 of 1965, and Law No. 5 of 1974.
Under Law No. 22 of 1948, which also became the basis for Law No. 3 of 1950 on the formation of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, the Head and Deputy Head of the region were appointed by the President from hereditary ruling families who had governed the area before independence and continued to hold authority.
In practice, this meant that the reigning Sultan of Yogyakarta served as Head of the Special Region until 1988, while the reigning Paku Alam served as Deputy Head until 1998. The titles "Governor" and "Vice Governor" were introduced after Law No. 22 of 1999, while the basic system of leadership remained unchanged.
Based on Law No. 13 of 2012 on the Special Status of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, the Indonesian government formally recognized the reigning Sultan of Yogyakarta as the hereditary Governor and the reigning Paku Alam as the hereditary Vice Governor (Article 18 paragraph 1c). The term of office for both positions is five years per period (Article 25 paragraph 1), but without term limits (Article 25 paragraph 2), allowing the reigning monarch of each royal house to remain in office for life and be succeeded by the next ruler.