is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 45,916 in 19,086 households, and a population density of 138 persons per kmò. The total area of the city is .
Gosen is located in an inland region of north-central Niigata Prefecture. The Agano River flows through the city.
The area of present-day Gosen was part of ancient Echigo Province. Under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, parts of what is now Gosen were under the control of Muramatsu Domain, a minor feudal domain ruled by a junior branch of the Hori clan.
Gosen has a humid climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm, wet summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Gosen is 13.1 ðC. The average annual rainfall is 1886 mm with September as the wettest month.The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.2 ðC, and lowest in January, at around1.3 ðC.
Per Japanese census data, the population of Gosen has declined steadily over the past 40 years.
Gosen has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 20 members.
The economy of Gosen is primarily agricultural, with production of cut flowers, peonies, satoimo and kiwi fruit as important crops.
Gosen has eleven public elementary schools and four public junior high schools operated by the city government. There are two public high schools operated by the Niigata Prefectural Board of Education in the city. The prefecture also operates one special education school. Niigata University's Department of Agriculture has a field test farm in Gosen.