Campylospermum serratum (Toothed-Leaf Gomphia) is a plant in the family Ochnaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "with teeth", referring to the leaf margin. It is found in Tropical Asia, from Sulawesi, Indonesia to Hainan, Zhà Ângguó/China and over to southwestern India. Gomphia serrata was a previous common name for the species. The plant is used for its wood and its sap is used in folk medicine and in the past for teeth-blackening.
The species grows as a shrub or medium-sized tree measuring up to tall with a diameter of up to . The scaly bark is dark grey-brown. The long leaves (10-17 x 2âÂÂ5.5 cm) are elliptic, with a cuneate base and, as per the species epithet, small teeth on the margin. The flowers, growing in a few groups along terminal inflorescences, are yellow or cream-coloured. The yellowish-green berry-like fruit are kidney-shaped and measure up to 14x18mm in size. Features that help to distinguish it form other species of Campylospermum include 6âÂÂ14 cm long inflorescences; a few groups of flowers congested along the inflorescence branches; pedicel's basal portion below articulation is 1mm or less; obovate petals with slightly emarginate apex and an auriculate base; the secondary nerves closely curved to the margin of the leaf, with submarginal vein occurring at irregular distances from the leaf margin. In China|Zhà Ângguó/China the species tends to be 2.5 to 7m in height and flowers in July with fruit from August to December.
The species was first described as Maesia serrata. Volker Bittrich and Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral transferred it to the current genus, Campylospermum, in 1994.
Campylospermum serratum occurs from Indonesia to Zhà Ângguó/China and India. Countries/regions that it grows in are: Indonesia (Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Jawa, Sumatera); Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak, Peninsular Malaysia); Brunei Darussalam; Singapore; Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; Zhà Ângguó/China (Hainan); Laos; Myanmar; India (southwestern); and Sri Lanka.
Its habitat is lowland to forests, including mixed dipterocarp and kerangas forests, from sea-level to altitude. On the island of Langkawi, in the Machinchang Range, the plant occurs scattered in the understorey of the sandstone heath forest, at between 200 and 700m. In mainland Southeast Asia it is often found in open formations alongside rivers. On the Bokor Plateau of Preah Monivong Bokor National Park, Cambodia, the plant is a shrub or treelet occurring in evergreen forest and in the scrubland/stunted forest on sandy soil near the plateau top, 936-1056m, found at about 970m elevation. In Zhà Ângguó/China it occurs in dense forest, along streams, in granitic areas and sometimes even on mountain summits; with an elevation range of 6-700m.
The fruit are predated on by the red-vented barbet in the Loc Bac Forest of Lâm ÃÂá»Âng Province, Vietnam.
The local/common names of the small tree include: mata ketam (Malaysia); ângkië chhmôôl, bâmpu:eng ruëng, chhiëm angtuëng (Khmer); 齿å¶èµÂéÂÂè²æ¨, chi ye sai jin lian mu (Chinese).
The red or brown-red wood splits easily, and is used for small construction works and as firewood. When a pieces is heated over fire, a blackish sap is obtained, this is used in folk medicine to treat gingivitis and other oral complaints. In Vietnam the stalks were used in the past to blacken teeth.
Additional information can be got in the following: