was the name for ancient administrative units organized in Japan during the Asuka period (AD 538âÂÂ710), as part of a legal and governmental system borrowed from the Chinese. Though these units did not survive as administrative structures beyond the Muromachi period (1336âÂÂ1573), they did remain important geographical entities until the 19th century. The Gokishichidà  consisted of five provinces in the Kinai () or capital region, plus seven dà  () or circuits, each of which contained provinces of its own.
When Hokkaido was included as a circuit after the defeat of the Republic of Ezo in 1869, the system was briefly called . The abolition of the han system abolished the -han (early modern feudal domains) in 1871, -dà Â/circuits and provinces were per se not abolished by the abolition of domains; but the prefectures that sprang from the domains became the primary administrative division of the country and were soon merged and reorganized to territorially resemble provinces in many places. "Hokkai circuit" (Hokkai-dà Â) was the only -dà  that would survive as administrative division, but it was later increasingly treated as "Hokkai prefecture" (Hokkai-dà Â); finally after WWII, the -dà  was fully regarded as a prefecture: from 1946, the prefectures (until then only -fu/-ken) were legally referred to as -dà Â/-fu/-ken, from 1947 as -to/-dà Â/-fu/-ken.
The five Kinai provinces were local areas in and around the imperial capital (first Heijà Â-kyà  at Nara, then Heian-kyà  at Kyà Âto). They were:
The seven dà  or circuits were administrative areas stretching away from the Kinai region in different directions. Running through each of the seven areas was an actual road of the same name, connecting the imperial capital with all of the provincial capitals along its route. The seven dà  were:
The Gokishichidà  roads should not be confused with the Edo Five Routes (äºÂè¡Âé Gokaidà Â), which were the five major roads leading to Edo during the Edo period (1603âÂÂ1867). The Tà Âkaidà  was one of the five routes, but the others were not.
Many prefectures were merged and reorganized in the 1870s and 1880s to resemble provinces, so many modern prefectures can be assigned to an ancient circuit. For example, the Western provinces of the Tà Âkai circuit (Tà Âkai-dà Â) are now part of prefectures that are often grouped together as the Tà Âkai region (Tà Âkai-chihà Â). But there are still deviations, so that it is not comprehensively possible to describe circuits in terms of prefectures. For example, present-day Hyà Âgo in its borders since 1876 extends into five provinces (Harima, Tajima, Awaji, Settsu, Tamba) and thus into three circuits (San'yà Â, San'in, Nankai) as well as the ancient capital region.
A few Japanese regions, such as Hokuriku and San'yà Â, still retain their ancient Gokishichidà  names. Other parts of Japan, namely Hokkaidà  and the Ryukyu Islands, were not included in the Gokishichidà  because they were not colonized by Japan until the 19th century, just as the Gokishichidà  geographic divisions and the feudal han domains were being replaced with the modern system of prefectures. Initially the government tried to organize Hokkaidà  as an eighth dà  (hence the name), but it was soon consolidated into a single prefecture.