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Gibberula

Gibberula is a genus of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Cystiscidae, previously placed in the family Marginellidae, the margin shells or marginellids.

(Note: Gastropod taxonomy has been in flux for many years. This is especially true currently, because of new research in molecular phylogeny. Because of all this ongoing change, different reliable sources can yield very different classifications, especially within certain poorly understood groups.)

Other genus-group names are available for small shells resembling Gibberula. These include Granula <small>Jousseaume, 1875</small> and Kogomea <small>Habe, 1951</small>. They are distinguished from Gibberula only on the basis of smaller size and other rather tenuous conchological differentiations.

Shell description

The shell of this genus is 1.5 to 10&nbsp;mm in length, ovoid, stout, with a small, low spire. The outer lip is thickened but without an external varix. It is usually denticulated inside. The columella has several plaits on a thickened rim, decreasing in size towards the posterior end. The siphonal canal is distinctly notched.

Animal

Head and foot

The head is deeply divided in two. There are two short cephalic tentacles and two small anterior lobes. The eyes are a short distance behinde the tentacles. The mouth is provided with an extensible proboscis. The foot is only slightly longer than the shell when extended. In some species, the sole lies flat on the substrate when the animal is crawling. Others have the edge of the propodium raised, developed as parapodia which fit the head/tentacles in the manner of many tectibranchs.

Color pattern of the head and foot is a useful taxonomic character in all the species.

Mantle

The mantle does not extend over the shell during normal activity. A tongue shaped, translucent lobe may be seen on the left side in some instances. The internal mantle is usually visible through the shell. It may be brightly coloured in the smaller species with a featureless, translucent shell, and its pattern is then continued into the spire over the visceral mass. The siphon is short and inconspicuous, often bordered by a small pad.

Reproduction

All species of Cystiscids have a direct development without a planktonic phase.

Species

The separation between the genera Persicula and Gibberula is not clearcut and currently follows a rather arbitrary criterion where the large species with (usually with complex colour pattern) are placed in Persicula and the smaller species with a banded or uniform colour pattern in Gibberula, leaving in between many ambiguous species. To date (2010) there is no phylogenetic analysis behind the current generic placements.

Taxa inquerenda:
  • Gibberula aldridgei <small>(Nowell-Usticke, 1969)</small>
  • Gibberula encaustica <small>(Reeve, 1865)</small>
  • Gibberula rolani <small>Cossignani & Cecalupo, 2005</small>
Species brought into synonymy:

References

  • 1995 - Revision of the Supraspecific Classification of Marginelliform Gastropods. The Nautilus 109(2 & 3):43-110
  • 1999. Descripción de nuevas marginelas (Mollusca: Neogastropoda: Marginellidae) de Cuba y del Caribe de Costa Rica y Panamá. Avicennia 10/11:165-176.
  • . 1987. Le Genre Gibberula (Marginellidae) en Mediterranee. Atti del II Congresso Societa Italiana di Malacologia. No. 23, 113-119
  • . Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman. Tomo I
  • 1976. Type specimens of Mollusca in the collection of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Type specimens of recent Marginellidae. Basteria, Vol. 40, No. 1
  • 1998. Taxones publicados en Iberus (1981-1997). Iberus
  • 2000. 2000 - Marine Mollusks in Japan
  • . Checklist of the Angolan marine molluscs. Reseñas Malacológicas X (June 1999)
  • 1973. A review of the Marginellidae described by Bavay, 1903-1922. The Veliger Vol. 16; No. 2: 207-215
  • (2020). Descripción de nuevas especies de Gibberula Swainson, 1840 en las islas Canarias (Gastropoda: Cystiscidae), asociadas al proyecto de Ciencia Ciudadana de la RedPROMAR del Gobierno de Canarias. Avicennia. 26: 41–54.

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