Gastrodia, commonly known as potato orchids, is a genus of terrestrial leafless orchids in the family Orchidaceae, about ninety of which have been described. Orchids in this genus have fleshy, upright stems and small to medium-sized resupinate flowers with narrow sepals and petals. They are native to Asia (China, the Russian Far East, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent), Australia, New Zealand, central Africa, and various islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Description
Orchids in the genus Gastrodia are leafless, terrestrial, mycotrophic herbs with a fleshy, underground rhizome and an upright flowering stem with a few to many brownish, resupinate flowers. The sepals and petals are fused to form a bell-shaped or irregular tube with the tips free. The petals are usually much smaller than the sepals and the labellum has three lobes and is fully enclosed in the tube.
Taxonomy
The genus Gastrodia was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown and the description was published in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen. The type species is Gastrodia sesamoides.
List of species
The following is a list of species of Gastrodia recognised by Plants of the World Online as of September 2021:
- Gastrodia abscondita <small>J.J.Sm.</small> - Java
- Gastrodia africana <small>Kraenzl.</small> - Cameroon
- Gastrodia agnicellus <small>Hermans & P.J.Cribb</small> - Madagascar
- Gastrodia albida <small>T.C.Hsu, & C.M.Kuo</small> - Taiwan
- Gastrodia albidoides <small>Y.H.Tan & T.C.Hsu</small> - Yunnan
- Gastrodia amamiana <small>Suetsugu</small> - Japan
- Gastrodia angusta <small>S.Chow & S.C.Chen</small> - Yunnan
- Gastrodia appendiculata <small>C.S.Leou & N.J.Chung</small>
- Gastrodia arunachalensis <small>S.N.Hegde & A.N.Rao</small> â Arunachal Pradesh
- Gastrodia ballii <small>P.J.Cribb & Browning</small> - Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique
- Gastrodia bambu <small>Metusala</small> - Java
- Gastrodia bawanglingensis <small>Z.Heng Chen, Z.Yang Zhang & X.Q.Song</small>
- Gastrodia boninensis <small>Tuyama</small> - Ogasawara-shoto (Bonin Islands of Japan)
- Gastrodia cajanoae <small>Barcelona & Pelser</small> - Java, Taiwan
- Gastrodia callosa <small>J.J.Sm.</small> - Java, Taiwan
- Gastrodia celebica <small>Schltr.</small> - Sulawesi
- Gastrodia clausa <small>T.C.Hsu, S.W.Chung & C.M.Kuo</small> - Taiwan, Okinawa
- Gastrodia confusa <small>Honda & Tuyama</small> - Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Bonin Islands, Ryukyu Islands
- Gastrodia confusoides <small>T.C.Hsu, S.W.Chung & C.M.Kuo</small> - Taiwan
- Gastrodia cooperae <small>Lehnebach & J.R.Rolfe</small> - New Zealand
- Gastrodia crassisepala <small>L.O.Williams</small> - New Guinea
- Gastrodia crebriflora <small>D.L.Jones</small> - Queensland
- Gastrodia crispa <small>J.J.Sm.</small> â Java
- Gastrodia cunninghamii <small>Hook.f.</small> - Vanuatu, New Zealand (including Chatham Island)
- Gastrodia damingshanensis <small>A.Q.Hu & T.C.Hsu</small>
- Gastrodia daweishanensis <small>A.Q.Hu & T.C.Hsu</small>
- Gastrodia dewildeorum <small>Schuit.</small>
- Gastrodia dyeriana <small>King & Pantl.</small> - Sikkim, Darjiling
- Gastrodia effusa <small>P.T.Ong & P.O'Byrne</small> - Sabah, Peninsular Malaysia
- Gastrodia elata <small>Blume</small> - much of China (including Tibet and Taiwan), Japan, Korea, Russian Far East, Assam, Bhutan, Nepal
- Gastrodia elatoides <small>W.C.Huang, G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang</small> - Madagascar
- Gastrodia exilis <small>Hook.f.</small> - India, Assam, Thailand, Sumatra
- Gastrodia falconeri <small>D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.</small> - Pakistan, northern India, Nepal
- Gastrodia fimbriata <small>Suddee</small> - Thailand
- Gastrodia flavilabella <small>S.S.Ying</small> - Taiwan
- Gastrodia flexistyla <small>T.C.Hsu & C.M.Kuo</small> - Taiwan
- Gastrodia foetida <small>Koidz.</small>
- Gastrodia fontinalis <small>T.P.Lin</small> - Taiwan
- Gastrodia fujianensis <small>Liang Ma, Xin Y.Chen & S.P.Chen</small> - China (Fujian)
- Gastrodia gracilis <small>Blume</small> - Taiwan, Honshu
- Gastrodia grandilabris <small>Carr</small> - Sabah
- Gastrodia gunatillekeorum <small>Bandara, Priyankara & Kumar</small> - Sri Lanka
- Gastrodia holttumii <small>Carr</small>
- Gastrodia huapingenisi <small>X.Y.Huang, A.Q.Hu & Yan Liu</small>
- Gastrodia indica <small>M.Khanal</small>
- Gastrodia isabelensis <small>T.C.Hsu</small>
- Gastrodia javanica <small>(Blume) Lindl.</small> - Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Taiwan, Fujian, Ryukyu Islands
- Gastrodia kachinensis <small>X.H.Jin & L.A.Ye</small> â Myanmar
- Gastrodia kaohsiungensis <small>T.P.Lin</small> â Taiwan
- Gastrodia kuroshimensis <small>Suetsugu</small> - Japan
- Gastrodia lacista <small>D.L.Jones</small> - Western Australia
- Gastrodia leoui <small>T.C.Hsu & C.M.Kuo</small>
- Gastrodia leucochila <small>T.C.Hsu & Z.H.Chen</small>
- Gastrodia longiflora <small>Suetsugu</small>
- Gastrodia longistyla <small>Q.Liu, J.D.Ya & X.H.Jin</small>
- Gastrodia longitubularis <small>Q.W.Meng, X.Q.Song & Y.B.Luo</small> - Hainan
- Gastrodia madagascariensis <small>H.Perrier ex Martos & Bytebier</small> - Madagascar
- Gastrodia major <small>Aver.</small> - Vietnam
- Gastrodia maliauensis <small>Suetsugu, Suleiman & Tsukaya</small> - Borneo (Sabah)
- Gastrodia menghaiensis <small>Z.H.Tsi & S.C.Chen</small> - Yunnan
- Gastrodia minor <small>Petrie</small> - New Zealand
- Gastrodia mishmensis <small>A.N.Rao, Harid. & S.N.Hegde</small>
- Gastrodia molloyi <small>Lehneback & J.R.Rolfe</small> - New Zealand
- Gastrodia munasingheae <small>Atthan., C.Bandara & Kumar</small>
- Gastrodia nantoensis <small>T.C.Hsu, C.M.Kuo ex T.P.Lin</small>
- Gastrodia nipponica <small>Honda) Tuyama</small> - Taiwan, Japan, Ryukyu Islands
- Gastrodia nipponicoides <small>Suetsugu</small>
- Gastrodia ÃÂ nippouraiensis <small>Suetsugu & T.C.Hsu</small> - Nansei-shoto
- Gastrodia okinawensis <small>Suetsugu</small>
- Gastrodia papuana <small>Schltr.</small> - New Guinea
- Gastrodia peichatieniana <small>S.S.Ying</small>
- Gastrodia phangngaensis <small>Suddee</small>
- Gastrodia procera <small>G.W.Carr</small> - N.S.W., Vic., A.C.T., Tas.
- Gastrodia pubilabiata <small>Y.Sawa</small> - Taiwan, Japan
- Gastrodia punctata <small>Aver.</small> - Vietnam
- Gastrodia pushparaga <small>Gopallawa, A.Perera & Madola</small>
- Gastrodia putaoensis <small>X.H.Jin</small> - Myanmar
- Gastrodia qingyunshanensis <small>Jiu X.Huang, H.Xu & H.J.Yang</small>
- Gastrodia queenslandica <small>Dockrill</small> - Queensland
- Gastrodia rubinea <small>T.P.Lin</small> - Taiwan
- Gastrodia rwandensis <small>Eb.Fisch. & Killmann</small> - Rwanda
- Gastrodia sabahensis <small>J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb</small>
- Gastrodia selabintanensis <small>Tsukaya & Hidayat</small>
- Gastrodia sesamoides <small>R.Br.</small> - Australia
- Gastrodia shimizuana <small>Tuyama</small> - Iriomote, Taiwan
- Gastrodia sikkimensis <small>M.Khanal & S.Sarkar</small>
- Gastrodia silentvalleyana <small>C.S.Kumar, P.C.S.Kumar, Sibi & S.Anil Kumar</small> - Kerala
- Gastrodia similis <small>Bosser</small> - Réunion
- Gastrodia solomonensis <small>T.C.Hsu</small>
- Gastrodia spatulata <small>(Carr) J.J.Wood</small> - Sabah
- Gastrodia stapfii <small>Hayata</small>
- Gastrodia sui <small>C.S.Leou, T.C.Hsu & C.R.Yeh</small> - Taiwan
- Gastrodia surcula <small>D.L.Jones</small> - New South Wales
- Gastrodia taiensis <small>Tuyama</small> - Vietnam
- Gastrodia takeshimensis <small>Suetsugu</small>
- Gastrodia tembatensis <small>P.T.Ong & P.O'Byrne</small> - Peninsular Malaysia
- Gastrodia theana <small>Aver.</small> - Vietnam
- Gastrodia thilakapremae <small>Atthan., C.Bandara & Kumar</small>
- Gastrodia tonkinensis <small>Aver. & Averyanova</small>
- Gastrodia tuberculata <small>F.Y.Liu & S.C.Chen</small> - Yunnan
- Gastrodia umbrosa <small>B.Gray</small> - Queensland
- Gastrodia uraiensis <small>T.C.Hsu & C.M.Kuo</small> - Taiwan
- Gastrodia urceolata <small>D.L. Jones</small> - Queensland
- Gastrodia verrucosa <small>Blume</small> - Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra
- Gastrodia vescula <small>D.L.Jones</small> - South Australia
- Gastrodia wuyishanensis <small>Da M.Li & C.D.Liu</small> - Fujian
- Gastrodia zeylanica <small>Schltr.</small> - Sri Lanka
References
External links