Gammarus is an amphipod crustacean genus in the family Gammaridae. It contains more than 200 described species, making it one of the most species-rich genera of crustaceans. Different species have different optimal conditions, particularly in terms of salinity, and different tolerances; Gammarus pulex, for instance, is a purely freshwater species, while Gammarus locusta is estuarine, only living where the salinity is greater than 25â°.
Species of Gammarus are the typical "scuds" of North America and range widely throughout the Holarctic. A considerable number are also found southwards into the Northern Hemisphere tropics, particularly in Southeast Asia.
Species
The following species are included: Four new species were found in 2018 on the Tibetan Plateau. Four more new species were described from the Chihuahuan Desert in 2021.
- Gammarus abscisus <small>G. Karaman, 1973</small>
- Gammarus abstrusus <small>Hou, Platvoet & Li, 2006</small>
- Gammarus acalceolatus <small>Pinkster, 1970</small>
- Gammarus accolae <small>G. Karaman, 1973</small>
- Gammarus accretus <small>Hou & Li, 2002</small>
- Gammarus acherondytes <small>Hubricht & Mackins, 1940</small>
- Gammarus aequicauda <small>(Martynov, 1931)</small>
- Gammarus agrarius <small>G. Karaman, 1973</small>
- Gammarus albimanus <small>G. Karaman, 1968</small>
- Gammarus alsaticus <small>Van Straelen, 1924</small>âÂÂ
- Gammarus altus <small>Hou & Li, 2018</small>
- Gammarus anatoliensis <small>Schellenberg, 1937</small>
- Gammarus angulatus <small>(Martynov, 1930)</small>
- Gammarus angusticoxalis <small>Martynov, 1935</small>
- Gammarus annandalei <small>(Monod, 1924)</small>
- Gammarus annulatus <small>Smith, 1873</small>
- Gammarus anodon <small>Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998</small>
- Gammarus aoculus <small>Hou & Li, 2003</small>
- Gammarus araxenius <small>Derzhavin, 1938</small>
- Gammarus arduus <small>G. Karaman, 1975</small>
- Gammarus argaeus <small>Vávra, 1905</small>
- Gammarus bakhteyaricus <small>Khalayi-Pirbalanty & Sari, 2004</small>
- Gammarus balcanicus <small>Schaferna, 1922</small>
- Gammarus barnaulensis <small>Schellenberg, 1937</small>
- Gammarus baysali <small>ÃÂzbek et al., 2013</small>
- Gammarus belli <small>G. Karaman, 1984</small>
- Gammarus bergi <small>Martynov, 1930</small>
- Gammarus birsteini <small>Karaman & Pinkster, 1977</small>
- Gammarus bosniacus <small>Schäferna, 1922</small>
- Gammarus bousfieldi <small>Cole & Minckley, 1961</small>
- Gammarus brevicornis <small>(Martynov, 1935)</small>
- Gammarus brevipodus <small>Hou, Li & Platvoet, 2004</small>
- Gammarus breviramus <small>Bousfield & Elwood, 1971</small>
- Gammarus bucharensis <small>Martynov, 1935</small>
- Gammarus caparti <small>Petre-Stroobants, 1981</small>
- Gammarus caucasicus <small>Martynov, 1932</small>
- Gammarus caudisetus <small>Viviani, 1805</small>
- Gammarus chaohuensis <small>Hou & Li, 2002</small>
- Gammarus chevreuxi <small>Sexton, 1913</small>
- Gammarus chimkenti <small>G. Karaman, 1984</small>
- Gammarus chostensis <small>Martynov, 1932</small>
- Gammarus cohabitus <small>Hosinger, Shafer, Fong & Culver, 2008</small>
- Gammarus colei sp. nov.
- Gammarus comosus <small>Hou, Li & Gao, 2005</small>
- Gammarus craspedotrichus <small>Hou & Li, 2002</small>
- Gammarus crenulatus <small>G. S. Karaman & Pinkster, 1977</small>
- Gammarus crinicaudatus <small>Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998</small>
- Gammarus crinicornis <small>Stock, 1966</small>
- Gammarus crispus <small>Martynov, 1932</small>
- Gammarus curvativus <small>Hou & Li, 2003</small>
- Gammarus dabanus <small>Tachteew & Mekhanikova, 2000</small>
- Gammarus daiberi <small>Bousfield, 1969</small>
- Gammarus decorosus <small>Meng, Hou & Li, 2003</small>
- Gammarus denticulatus <small>Hou, Li & Morino, 2002</small>
- Gammarus desperatus <small>Cole, 1981</small>
- Gammarus dorsosetosus <small>Mateus & Mateus, 1990</small>
- Gammarus duebeni <small>Liljeborg, 1852</small>
- Gammarus dulensis <small>S. Karaman, 1929</small>
- Gammarus edwardsi <small>Bate, 1862</small>
- Gammarus effultus <small>G. Karaman, 1975</small>
- Gammarus electrus <small>Hou & Li, 2003</small>
- Gammarus elevatus <small>Hou, Li & Morino, 2002</small>
- Gammarus elvirae <small>Iannilli & Ruffo, 2002</small>
- Gammarus emeiensis <small>Hou, Li & Koenemann, 2002</small>
- Gammarus fasciatus <small>Say, 1818</small>
- Gammarus finmarchicus <small>Dahl, 1938</small>
- Gammarus flabellifera <small>Stimpson, 1856</small>
- Gammarus fluviatilis <small>Milne-Edwards, 1840</small>âÂÂ
- Gammarus fontinalis <small>Costa, 1883</small>
- Gammarus fossarum <small>Koch, 1836</small>
- Gammarus frater <small>Karaman & Pinkster, 1977</small>
- Gammarus frigidus <small>Hou & Li, 2004</small>
- Gammarus galgosensis <small>Lee & Kim, 2004</small>
- Gammarus galgosensis <small>Lee & Kim, 1980</small>
- Gammarus gauthieri <small>(S. Karaman, 1935)</small>
- Gammarus glabratus <small>Hou & Li, 2003</small>
- Gammarus goedmakersae <small>G. S. Karaman & Pinkster, 1977</small>
- Gammarus gonggaensis <small>Hou & Li, 2018</small>
- Gammarus gracilis <small>Martynov, 1935</small>
- Gammarus gregoryi <small>Tattersall, 1924</small>
- Gammarus halilicae <small>G. Karaman, 1969</small>
- Gammarus hegmatanensis <small>Hekmatara, Sari & Baladehi, 2011</small>
- Gammarus hirsutus <small>Martynov, 1935</small>
- Gammarus hongyuanensis <small>Barnard & Dai, 1988</small>
- Gammarus hoonsooi <small>Lee, 1986</small>
- Gammarus hyalelloides <small>Cole, 1976</small>
- Gammarus ibericus <small>Margalef, 1951</small>
- Gammarus inaequicauda <small>Stock, 1966</small>
- Gammarus inberbus <small>Karaman & Pinkster, 1977</small>
- Gammarus inopinatus <small>Mateus & Mateus, 1990</small>
- Gammarus insensibilis <small>Stock, 1966</small>
- Gammarus italicus <small>Goedmakers & Pinkster, 1977</small>
- Gammarus izmirensis <small>ÃÂzbek, 2007</small>
- Gammarus jacksoni <small>Morino & Whitman, 1995</small>
- Gammarus jaspidus <small>Hou & Li, 2004</small>
- Gammarus jenneri <small>Bynum & Fox, 1977</small>
- Gammarus kamtschaticus <small>Tzvetkova, 1972</small>
- Gammarus kangdingensis <small>Hou & Li, 2018</small>
- Gammarus kasymovi <small>Aliev, 1997</small>
- Gammarus katagani <small>ÃÂzbek, 2012</small>
- Gammarus kesanensis <small>ÃÂzbek & Camur-Elipek, 2010</small>
- Gammarus kesslerianus <small>Martynov, 1931</small>
- Gammarus kischineffensis <small>Schellenberg, 1937</small>
- Gammarus komareki <small>(Schaferna, 1922)</small>
- Gammarus korbuensis <small>Martynov, 1930</small>
- Gammarus koshovi <small>Bazikalova, 1946</small>
- Gammarus kyonggiensis <small>Lee & Seo, 1990</small>
- Gammarus laborifer <small>Karaman & Pinkster, 1977</small>
- Gammarus lacustris <small>G. O. Sars, 1864</small>
- Gammarus langi sp. nov.
- Gammarus lasaensis <small>Barnard & Dai, 1988</small>
- Gammarus laticoxalis <small>Karaman & Pinkster, 1977</small>
- Gammarus lawrencianus <small>Bousfield, 1956</small>
- Gammarus lecroyae <small>Thoma & Heard, 2009</small>
- Gammarus ledoyeri <small>G. Karaman, 1987</small>
- Gammarus lepoliensis <small>Jazdzewski & Konopacka, 1989</small>
- Gammarus lichuanensis <small>Hou & Li, 2002</small>
- Gammarus limnaeus <small>S. I. smith, 1874</small>
- Gammarus limosus <small>Hou & Li, 2018</small>
- Gammarus lobifer <small>Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998</small>
- Gammarus locusta <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- Gammarus longipedis <small>Karaman & Pinkster, 1987</small>
- Gammarus longisaeta <small>Lee & Seo, 1992</small>
- Gammarus lophacanthus <small>Hou & Li, 2002</small>
- Gammarus lordeganensis <small>Khalayi-Pirbalanty & Sari, 2004</small>
- Gammarus lychnidensis <small>Schellenberg, 1943</small>
- Gammarus macedonicus <small>G. Karaman, 1976</small>
- Gammarus madidus <small>Hou & Li, 2005</small>
- Gammarus malpaisensis sp. nov.
- Gammarus marmouchensis <small>Fadil, 2006</small>
- Gammarus maroccanus <small>Fadil & Dakki, 2001</small>
- Gammarus martensi <small>Hou & Li, 2004</small>
- Gammarus matienus <small>Derzhavin, 1938</small>
- Gammarus miae <small>Mateus & Mateus, 1990</small>
- Gammarus microps <small>Pinkster & Goedmakers, 1975</small>
- Gammarus minus <small>Say, 1818</small>
- Gammarus mladeni <small>Karaman & Pinkster, 1977</small>
- Gammarus monospeliensis <small>Pinkster, 1972</small>
- Gammarus montanus <small>Hou, Li & Platvoet, 2004</small>
- Gammarus morcea <small>ÃÂzbek & Aydin, 2023</small>
- Gammarus mucronatus <small>Say, 1818</small>
- Gammarus murarius <small>Hou & Li, 2004</small>
- Gammarus nekkensis <small>Uchida, 1935</small>
- Gammarus ninglangensis <small>Hou & Li, 2003</small>
- Gammarus nipponensis <small>Uéno, 1940</small>
- Gammarus nox <small>Stock, 1995</small>
- Gammarus nudus <small>Martynov, 1931</small>
- Gammarus obnixus <small>Karaman & Pinkster, 1977</small>
- Gammarus obruki <small>ÃÂzbek, 2012</small>
- Gammarus oceanicus <small>SegerstrÃÂ¥le, 1947</small>
- Gammarus ocellatus <small>Martynov, 1930</small>
- Gammarus ochridensis <small>(Schäferna, 1926)</small>
- Gammarus odaensis <small>Lee & Kim, 1980</small>
- Gammarus odettae <small>Mateus & Mateus, 1990</small>
- Gammarus oeningensis <small>Heer, 1865</small>âÂÂ
- Gammarus orinos <small>Pinkster & Schol, 1984</small>
- Gammarus oronticus <small>Alouf, 1979</small>
- Gammarus osellai <small>Karaman & Pinkster, 1977</small>
- Gammarus pageti <small>Mateus & Mateus, 1990</small>
- Gammarus palustris <small>Bousfield, 1969</small>
- Gammarus parechiniformis <small>G. Karaman, 1977</small>
- Gammarus paricrenatus <small>Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998</small>
- Gammarus parthicus <small>Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998</small>
- Gammarus paucispinus <small>Hou & Li, 2002</small>
- Gammarus pavlovici
- Gammarus pavo <small>Karaman & Pinkster, 1977</small>
- Gammarus paynei <small>Delong, 1992</small>
- Gammarus pecos <small>Cole & Bousfield, 1970</small>
- Gammarus pellucidus <small>Gurjanova, 1930</small>
- Gammarus percalacustris sp. nov.
- Gammarus pexus <small>Hou & Li, 2005</small>
- Gammarus platvoeti <small>Hou & Li, 2003</small>
- Gammarus pljakici <small>G. Karaman, 1964</small>
- Gammarus plumipes <small>Mateus & Mateus, 1990</small>
- Gammarus praecyrius <small>Derzhavin, 1941</small>âÂÂ
- Gammarus preciosus <small>Wang, Hou & Li, 2009</small>
- Gammarus pretzmanni <small>Mateus & Mateus, 1990</small>
- Gammarus proiectus <small>Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998</small>
- Gammarus pseudoanatoliensis <small>Karaman & Pinkster, 1987</small>
- Gammarus pseudolimnaeus <small>Bousfield, 1958</small>
- Gammarus pseudosyriacus <small>Karaman & Pinkster, 1977</small>
- Gammarus pulex <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small>
- Gammarus qiani <small>Hou & Li, 2002</small>
- Gammarus rambouseki <small>S. Karaman, 1931</small>
- Gammarus retzi <small>Maikovsky, 1941</small>âÂÂ
- Gammarus rifatlensis <small>Fadil, 2006</small>
- Gammarus riparius <small>Hou & Li, 2002</small>
- Gammarus roeselii <small>Gervais, 1835</small>
- Gammarus rouxi <small>Pinkster & Goedmakers, 1975</small>
- Gammarus salemaai <small>G. Karaman, 1985</small>
- Gammarus salinus <small>Spooner, 1947</small>
- Gammarus sepidannus <small>Zamanpoore, Poeckl, Grabowski & Schiemer, 2009</small>
- Gammarus setosus <small>Dementieva, 1931</small>
- Gammarus shanxiensis <small>Barnard & Dai, 1988</small>
- Gammarus shenmuensis <small>Hou & Li, 2004</small>
- Gammarus sichuanensis <small>Hou, Li & Zheng, 2002</small>
- Gammarus sinuolatus <small>Hou & Li, 2004</small>
- Gammarus sirvannus <small>Hekmatara, Sari & Baladehi, 2011</small>
- Gammarus sketi <small>G. Karaman, 1989</small>
- Gammarus sobaegensis <small>G. Karaman, 1984</small>
- Gammarus solidus <small>G. Karaman, 1977</small>
- Gammarus songirdaki <small>G. Karaman, 1984</small>
- Gammarus soyoensis <small>Lee & Kim, 1980</small>
- Gammarus spelaeus <small>Martynov, 1931</small>
- Gammarus spinipalmus <small>(Chen, 1939)</small>
- Gammarus spooneri <small>G. Karaman, 1991</small>
- Gammarus stagnarius <small>Hou, Li & Morino, 2002</small>
- Gammarus stalagmiticus <small>Hou & Li, 2005</small>
- Gammarus stankokaramani <small>G. Karaman, 1976</small>
- Gammarus stojicevici <small>(S. Karaman, 1929)</small>
- Gammarus stupendus <small>Pinkster, 1983</small>
- Gammarus subtypicus <small>Stock, 1966</small>
- Gammarus suifunensis <small>Martynov, 1925</small>
- Gammarus syriacus <small>Chevreux, 1895</small>
- Gammarus takesensis <small>Hou, Li & Platvoet, 2004</small>
- Gammarus taliensis <small>Shen, 1954</small>
- Gammarus tauricus <small>Martynov, 1931</small>
- Gammarus teletzkensis <small>Martynov, 1930</small>
- Gammarus tigrinus <small>Sexton, 1939</small>
- Gammarus topkarai <small>ÃÂzbek & Balik, 2009</small>
- Gammarus translucidus <small>Hou, Li & Li, 2004</small>
- Gammarus troglophilus <small>Hubricht & Mackins, 1940</small>
- Gammarus truncatus <small>Martynov, 1930</small>
- Gammarus turanus <small>Martynov, 1935</small>
- Gammarus uludagi <small>G. S. Karaman, 1975</small>
- Gammarus unguiserratus <small>Costa, 1853</small>
- Gammarus ustaoglui <small>ÃÂzbek & Guloglu, 2005</small>
- Gammarus varsoviensis <small>Jazdzewski, 1975</small>
- Gammarus vignai <small>Pinkster & Karaman, 1978</small>
- Gammarus wangbangensis <small>Lee & Seo, 1990</small>
- Gammarus wautieri <small>Roux, 1967</small>
- Gammarus wilkitzkii <small>Birula, 1897</small>
- Gammarus xiangfengensis <small>Hou & Li, 2002</small>
- Gammarus zaddachi <small>Sexton, 1912</small>
- Gammarus zagrosensis <small>Zamanpoore, Poeckl, Grabowski & Schiemer, 2009</small>
- Gammarus zeongogensis <small>Lee & Kim, 1980</small>
- Gammarus kunti ÃÂzbek, BaytaÃ
ÂoÃÂlu & Aksu, 2023
References