Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 5, also known as GABRA5, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the GABRA5 gene.
GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain where it acts at GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride channels. Chloride conductance of these channels can be modulated by agents such as benzodiazepines that bind to the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor. At least 16 distinct subunits of GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors have been identified. Transcript variants utilizing three different alternative non-coding first exons have been described.
Recent research has produced several ligands which are moderately selective for GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors containing the ñ<sub>5</sub> subunit. These have proved to be useful in investigating some of the side effects of benzodiazepine and nonbenzodiazepine drugs, particularly the effects on learning and memory such as anterograde amnesia. Inverse agonists at this subunit have nootropic effects and may be useful for the treatment of cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.