Trajan was a 74-gun built for the French Navy during the 1780s. Completed in 1792, she played a minor role in the French Revolutionary Wars.
The Téméraire-class ships had a length of , a beam of and a depth of hold of . The ships displaced 3,069 tonneaux and had a mean draught of . They had a tonnage of 1,537 port tonneaux. Their crew numbered 705 officers and ratings during wartime. They were fitted with three masts and ship rigged.
The muzzle-loading, smoothbore armament of the Téméraire class consisted of twenty-eight 36-pounder long guns on the lower gun deck, thirty 18-pounder long guns and thirty 18-pounder long guns on the upper gun deck. On the quarterdeck and forecastle were a total of sixteen 8-pounder long guns. Beginning with the ships completed after 1787, the armament of the Téméraires began to change with the addition of four 36-pounder obusiers on the poop deck (). Some ships had instead twenty 8-pounders.
Trajan was ordered on 17 October 1787 and laid down at the Arsenal de Lorient on 17 May 1790. The ship was launched on 24 January 1792 and completed in November. Trajan was commissioned in April 1793 by Captain Villaret de Joyeuse. At the Glorious First of June in 1794, along with , she engaged and dismasted the British . She took part in the French expedition to Ireland in 1798, an ill-fated attempt to invade Ireland. On 17 December 1797, the ship was renamed Gaulois. She was ordered to be broken up on 8 January 1805.