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Patrol boat

A patrol boat (also referred to as a patrol craft, patrol ship, or patrol vessel) is a relatively small naval vessel generally designed for coastal defence, border security, or law enforcement. However, large size patrol vessels are also operated by multiple navies and coastguards. There are many designs for patrol boats, and they generally range in size. They may be operated by a nation's navy, coast guard, police, or customs, and may be intended for marine ("blue water"), estuarine ("green water"), or riverine ("brown water") environments.

Per their name, patrol boats are primarily used to patrol a country's exclusive economic zone (EEZ), but they may also be used in other roles, such as anti-smuggling, anti-piracy, fishery patrols, immigration law enforcement, or search and rescue. Depending on the size, organization, and capabilities of a nation's armed forces, the importance of patrol boats may range from minor support vessels that are part of a coast guard, to flagships that make up a majority of a navy's fleet. Their small size and relatively low cost make them one of the most common naval vessels in the world.

Patrol boats are of varying types, including: offshore patrol vessels (OPV), patrol boat fast (PBF), patrol boat with surface-to-surface missile (PBG), patrol boat inshore (PBI), patrol boat with SAM (PBM), patrol boat riverine (PBR), patrol boat with torpedo (PBT).

Classification

The classification of a patrol boat is often subjective, but they are generally small naval vessels that are used to patrol national waters or a certain jurisdiction. They may be as large as a corvette or even a frigate, though the term may also be used for vessels as small as a yacht or rigid inflatable boat. They can include gunboat, fast attack craft, torpedo boats, and missile boats. They may be broadly classified as inshore patrol vessels (IPVs) or offshore patrol vessels (OPVs). OPVs and medium size cutters are usually the smallest ship in a navy's fleet that are large and seaworthy enough to patrol off-shore in the open ocean, while IPVs are typically too small to do so and are instead kept in lakes or rivers, or close to coasts; IPVs specifically used in rivers can also be called "riverine patrol vessels". Large patrol vessels, offshore patrol vessels and Large cutters are the largest type of patrol ships and are typically more than 100 m (330 ft) in length. Some OPVs may possess significant armament and may approach corvettes in terms of armed capability.

Seagoing patrol boats are typically around 30 m (100 ft) in length and usually carry a single medium caliber artillery gun as main armament, and a variety of lighter secondary armament such as machine guns, while others include the sophisticated close-in weapon system. Depending on their role, vessels in this class may also have more sophisticated sensors and fire control systems that would enable them to carry torpedoes, anti-ship missiles, and surface-to-air missiles.

History

During both World Wars, in order to rapidly build up numbers, all sides created auxiliary patrol boats by arming motorboats and seagoing fishing trawlers with machine guns and obsolete naval weapons. Some modern patrol vessels are still based on fishing and leisure boats.

The United States Navy operated the of armed hydrofoils for years in a patrol boat role. During the Vietnam War, the U.S. Navy ordered 193 aluminum hulled Patrol Craft, Fast (PCFs), also known as Swiftboats, for brown water naval operations. The Patrol Boat, River (PBR, sometimes called "Riverine" and "Pibber") was a fiberglass hulled vessel also designed and used for inland river operations during the Vietnam War, and became an icon of water operations during the war due to its use in the 1979 film Apocalypse Now.

Most modern designs are powered by gas turbine arrangements such as CODAG, and speeds are generally in the range. The largest OPVs might also have a flight deck and helicopter embarked. In times of crisis or war, these vessels are expected to support the larger vessels in a navy, though some smaller navies are mostly composed of just patrol boats.

Specific nations

Albania

Albanian Naval Force

Algeria

Algerian National Navy

Argentina

Argentine Naval Prefecture

Argentine Navy

Australia

Royal Australian Navy

  • (1967–1985)
  • (1979–2007)
  • (2005–present)
  • (2017–present)
  • (2025–present)

Australian Border Force Marine Unit

  • (1999–present)
  • ACV Triton (2006–2015)
  • (2013–present) – replaced all but two of the Bay-class which underwent a life extension. Two Evolved Cape-class patrol boats ordered to replace the remaining two Bay-class patrol boats.

Others

  • (1987–2023) – Australian-built, gifted by the Australian Government to 12 Pacific Island countries ( appears to be the last boat in service as of November 2022)
  • (2018–present) – Australian-built replacements for the Pacific class, gifted to the same 12 Pacific Island nations and Timor-Leste

Bahamas

Royal Bahamas Defence Force

Bahrain

Royal Bahrain Naval Force

35m Fast Patrol Vessels- USA -built by Swiftships, Commissioned in 2021

Bangladesh

The Bangladesh Navy classified its medium size patrol ships as large patrol craft (LPC) which are armed with either anti-ship missiles or torpedoes. Those ships typically have heavier armaments but less range than OPVs.

Bangladesh Navy

Large patrol craft
Offshore patrol vessel
  • ARES 150
Inshore patrol vessel
ASW patrol boat
Patrol gunboat

Bangladesh Coast Guard

Offshore patrol vessel
Inshore patrol vessel
Fast patrol vessel
Coastal patrol vessel
Riverine patrol craft

Border Guard Bangladesh

Patrol vessel

Barbados

Barbados Coast Guard

Belgium

  • ' (2014–present)
  • ' (2015–present)

Brazil

  • Grajaú-class offshore patrol vessel
  • Bracuí-class patrol vessel – ex-
  • Imperial Marinheiro-class offshore patrol vessel
  • Piratini-class patrol vessel
  • J-class patrol vessel
  • Roraima-class river patrol vessel
  • Pedro Teixeira-class river patrol vessel
  • offshore patrol vessel

Brunei

  • offshore patrol vessel
  • patrol vessel
  • KH 27-class patrol boat
  • FDB 512-class patrol boat
  • Bendaharu-class patrol vessel
  • Perwira-class patrol vessel
  • Saleha-class patrol vessel
  • Pahlawan-class patrol vessel

Bulgaria

Canada

Royal Canadian Navy

  • (1996–present)
  • (2006–present)
  • (2016–present) – Icebreakers based on the Norwegian

Canadian Coast Guard

Cape Verde

Cape Verdean Coast Guard

Chile

Chilean Navy

  • (1979/1980–2001/2002)
  • (1982–2014?)
  • (1990–present)
  • (1993–present)
  • (1996–2017/2020)
  • (1999–present)
  • (2007–present)
  • (2007–present)
  • (2008–present)

China (PRC)

People's Liberation Army Navy

  • Harbour security boat (PBI) – four newly built 80-ton class harbour security / patrol boats, and more are planned in order to take over the port security / patrol duties currently performed by the obsolete Shantou, Beihai, Huangpu, and Yulin-class gunboats, which are increasingly being converted to inshore surveying boats and range support boats
  • Shanghai III (Type 062I)-class gunboat – 2
  • Shanghai II-class gunboat
  • Shanghai I (Type 062)-class gunboat – 150+ active and at least 100 in reserve
  • Huludao (Type 206)-class gunboat – 8+
  • – less than 25 (in reserve, subordinated to naval militia)
  • – less than 30 (in reserve, subordinated to naval militia)
  • – less than 15 (in reserve, subordinated to naval militia)
  • – less than 40 (being transferred to logistic duties)

China Coast Guard

  • (Type 718)

Colombia

Colombian Navy

  • Diligente-class patrol boat
  • Nodriza-class patrol boat
  • PAF-I-class patrol boat
  • PAF-II-class patrol boat
  • PAF-III-class patrol boat
  • PAF-IV-class patrol boat
  • Patrullera Fluvial Ligera-class patrol boat
  • Riohacha-class gunboat
  • Fassmer-80 class – built in Colombia by COTECMAR

Croatia

Denmark

Royal Danish Navy

  • OPV – 3 vessels
  • IPV – 6 vessels
  • patrol vessel
  • OPV – 4 ships (classed as ocean patrol frigates)
  • IPV – 3 vessels
  • IPV – 9 vessels (in )
  • OPV (link in Danish) – 4 ships (classed as ocean patrol frigates)

Ecuador

Ecuadorian Navy

Egypt

Egyptian Navy

  • 35m Fast Patrol Vessels- USA -built by Swiftships

Eritrea

Eritrean Navy

Others

Finland

Finnish Navy

Finnish Border Guard

France

French Navy

Maritime Gendarmerie

  • Trident-class patrol boat
  • Géranium-class patrol boat
  • Jonquille-class patrol boat
  • Vedette-class patrol boat
  • Pétulante-class patrol craft
  • Pavois-class patrol craft

Germany

  • (2019–present)
  • (2002–present)
  • (2009–present)
  • (1943–1945)
  • R boats (1929–1945)
  • Type 139 patrol trawler (1956 to mid-1970s)

Greece

Hellenic Navy

  • s and derivatives and
  • s
  • Nasty-class coastal patrol vessels – formerly torpedo boats
  • Esterel-class coastal patrol vessels

Hellenic Coast Guard

  • – acting as offshore patrol vessels (OPV)
  • Stan Patrol 5509 OPV
  • Vosper Europatrol 250 Mk1 OPV
  • Abeking & Rasmussen patrol vessels – class Dilos
  • POB-24G patrol vessels – class Faiakas
  • CB90-HCG
  • Lambro 57 and derivatives – all being boats for coastal patrols

Honduras

Honduran Navy

Hong Kong (SARPRC)

Hong Kong Police Force

Iceland

Icelandic Coast Guard

India

Indian Navy

Indian Coast Guard

Indonesia

  • FPB 28, Indonesian Police and Indonesian Customs, 28 meter long patrol boat made by local shipyard PT PAL.
  • FPB 38, Indonesian Customs, 38 meter long aluminium patrol boat made by local shipyard PT PAL.
  • FPB 57, Indonesian Navy, 57 meter long patrol boat designed by Lürssen and made by PT PAL, ASM and heli deck equipped for some version.
  • PC-40, Indonesian Navy, 40 meter long FRP/Aluminum patrol boat, locally made by in house Navy's workshop.
  • PC-60 trimaran, Indonesian Navy, 63-meter-long composite material, is armed with 120 km range of anti-ship missile, made by PT Lundin industry
  • OPV 80 - 80 meter long, designed by Terafulk and made by PT Citra Shipyard
  • OPV 110 (Tanjung Datu-class) - 110 meter long, made by PT Palindo Marine Shipyard

Iran

Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy:

Islamic Republic of Iran Navy:

Ireland

List of Irish Naval Service vessels;

  • Offshore Patrol Vessels
  • (1972–2001)
  • (1978–2013)
  • (1979–2015)
  • (1980–2016)
  • Helicopter Patrol Vessel
  • (1984–2022)
  • Coastal Patrol Vessels
  • (1984–2022)
  • (1985–2022)
  • Offshore Patrol Vessels
  • (1999–present)
  • (2001–present)
  • Offshore Patrol Vessels
  • (2014–present)
  • (2015–present)
  • (2016–present)
  • (2018–present)

Israel

Italy

Jamaica

JDF Coast Guard

Japan

  • (Japan Coast Guard), the 2nd largest patrol boat
  • (Japan Coast Guard), large patrol vessel with helicopter deck and hangar
  • (Japan Coast Guard), large patrol vessel with helicopter deck and hangar
  • (Japan Coast Guard), high-speed large patrol vessel with helicopter deck
  • (Kunisaki class)
  • (Japan Coast Guard), high-speed large patrol vessel
  • (Japan Coast Guard), medium-sized patrol vessel
  • (JMSDF, Japanese Navy), corvette type patrol vessel
  • , (Japan Coast Guard), icebreaker
  • (JMSDF, Japanese Navy)

Latvia

Malaysia

  • Kedah class offshore patrol vessel, (Royal Malaysian Navy)
  • Keris-class littoral mission ship, (Royal Malaysian Navy)
  • Gagah Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Ramunia Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Nusa Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Sipadan Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Rhu Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Pengawal Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Peninjau Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Pelindung Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Semilang Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Penggalang Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Penyelamat Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Pengaman Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Kilat Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Malawali Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Langkawi Class Patrol Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Tun Fatimah Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency

Malta

Mexico

Mexican Navy

  • Coastal patrol boat
  • Offshore patrol vessel

Montenegro

Morocco

Namibia

Netherlands

Royal Netherlands Navy

Netherlands Coastguard

Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard

New Zealand

Royal New Zealand Navy

Nicaragua

Nicaraguan Navy

Norway

Royal Norwegian Navy

Norwegian Coast Guard

Peru

Philippines

Philippine Navy

Philippine Coast Guard

Poland

Polish Navy

Portugal

Portuguese Navy

Maritime Police

  • Bolina-class
  • Levante-class
  • Tufão-class
  • Calmaria-class

National Republican Guard

  • Bojador-class
  • Ribamar-class
  • Zodíaco-class
  • Mar Creta-class

Qatar

Qatari Emiri Navy

Qatari Ministry of Interior

  • ARES 75
  • ARES 110
  • ARES 150

Romania

Russia

Senegal

  • Fouladou (OPV 190), Senegalese Navy
  • Kedougou (OPV 45), Senegalese Navy
  • Ferlo (RPB 33), Senegalese Navy
  • Conejera (Class Conejera P 31), Senegalese Navy
  • Fouta (Osprey 55), Senegalese Navy
  • Njambuur (PR 72), Senegalese Navy

Singapore

  • , Republic of Singapore Navy
  • PK class Interceptor Craft, Police Coast Guard
  • 1st Generation PT class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard (decommissioned)
  • 2nd Generation PT class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard (decommissioned)
  • 3rd Generation PT class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard
  • 4th Generation PT class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard
  • PC class patrol Craft, Police Coast Guard
  • , Republic of Singapore Navy

Slovenia

South Africa

South Korea (ROK)

Spain

Sri Lanka

Suriname

Sweden

  • Hugin-class (based on the Norwegian Storm-class, decommissioned) – 16 ships
  • Kaparen-class (Hugin-class modified with better subhunting capacity, decommissioned) – 8 ships
  • Stockholm-class (commissioned as corvettes, later converted to patrol boats) – 2 ships
  • HMS Carlskrona (commissioned as minelayer, later converted to ocean patrol vessel)

Additionally, the Royal Swedish Navy also operates smaller types of patrol boats (Swedish: bevakningsbåt = "guard boat"):

The Swedish Coast Guard operate an additional 22 patrol vessels for maritime surveillance.

Taiwan (Republic of China)

Republic of China Navy

Coast Guard Administration

Thailand

Trinidad and Tobago

Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard

Turkey

Turkish Naval Forces

Coast Guard Command

  • KAAN 15 class
  • KAAN 19 class
  • KAAN 29 class
  • KAAN 33 class
  • SAR 33 class
  • SAR 35 class
  • 80 class
  • Corvette

United Kingdom

United States

United States Navy

United States Coast Guard

  • - (2000–2011) - four boats were transferred to the Coast Guard for a temporary loan, three (2004–2011) have since been returned, while the fourth (2000–2004) was donated to the Philippine Navy
  • Marine Protector-class patrol boat – (1998–present)
  • Island-class patrol boat – (1985–present)
  • – (2012–present)

Venezuela

  • (GC-23)

Vietnam

  • Type TT-120 patrol boat, Vietnam Coast Guard
  • Type TT-200 patrol boat, Vietnam Coast Guard
  • Type TT-400 patrol boat, Vietnam Coast Guard
  • DN 2000(Damen 9014 class) offshore patrol vessels, Vietnam Coast Guard

References