Euscorpius is a genus of scorpions, commonly called small wood-scorpions. It presently contains at least 90 species and is the type genus of the family Euscorpiidae â long included in the Chactidae â and the subfamily Euscorpiinae.
The most common members belong to the E. carpathicus species complex, which makes up the subgenus Euscorpius. This group is widespread from North Africa and Spain to temperate Eurasia from England and northern France through the Czech Republic to Russia.
The species range in colour from yellow-brown to dark brown. Many are brown with yellow legs and stinger. The largest is E. italicus at 5 cm (2 in), and the smallest is E. germanus at 1.5 cm (0.6 in). The venom of Euscorpius species is generally very weak, with effects similar to a mosquito bite. Some smaller specimens may not even be able to puncture the human skin with their stings.
Species
Euscorpius contains at least 90 species:
Euscorpius aladaglarensis <small>Tropea & Yagmur, 2016</small> (Turkey)
Euscorpius alanyaensis <small>Tropea, Yagmur, Parmakelis & Kunt, 2016</small> (Turkey)
Euscorpius altadonnai <small>Tropea, 2017</small> (Italy including Sicily)
Euscorpius amorgensis <small>Tropea, Fet, Parmakelis, Kotsakiozi & Stathi, 2017</small> (Amorgos Island, Greece)
Euscorpius aquilejensis <small>(C. L. Koch, 1837)</small> (Croatia, Italy, San Marino, Slovenia, Vatican City)
Euscorpius arikani <small>Yagmur & Tropea, 2015</small> (Turkey)
Euscorpius avcii <small>Tropea, Yagmur, Koc, Yesilyurt & Rossi, 2012</small> (Samos island, Greece and Turkey)
Euscorpius balearicus <small>Caporiacco, 1950</small> (Mallorca, Spain)
Euscorpius biokovensis <small>Tropea & Ozimec, 2020</small> (Bosnia & Hercegovina and Croatia)
Euscorpius birulai <small>Fet, Soleglad, Parmakelis, Kotsakiozi & Stathi, 2014</small> (Evia island, Greece)
Euscorpius bonacinai <small>Kovarik & Stahlavsky, 2020</small> (Albania)
Euscorpius borovaglavaensis <small>Tropea, 2015</small> (Bosnia & Hercegovina and Croatia)
Euscorpius calabriae <small>Di Caporiacco, 1950</small> (Italy)
Euscorpius candiota <small>Birula, 1903</small> (Crete, Greece)
Euscorpius canestrinii <small>(Fanzago, 1872)</small> (Sardinia, Italy)
Euscorpius carpathicus <small>(Linnaeus, 1767)</small> (Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Croatia, Georgia, Greece including Corfu, Crete and Aegean Islands, France including Corsica, Italy including Sicily, Romania, Russia, Malta, Monaco, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Tunisia, Ukraine)
Euscorpius celanus <small>Tropea, 2012</small> (Italy)
Euscorpius ciliciensis <small>Birula, 1898</small> (Turkey)
Euscorpius concinnus <small>(C. L. Koch, 1837)</small> (Italy)
Euscorpius corcyraeus <small>Tropea & Rossi, 2011</small> (Corfu, Greece)
Euscorpius curcici <small>Tropea, Fet, Parmakelis, Kotsakiozi & Stathi, 2017</small> (Ios and Sikinos Islands, Greece)
Euscorpius deltshevi <small>Fet, Graham, Webber & Blagoev, 2014</small> (Bulgaria and Serbia)
Euscorpius drenskii <small>Tropea, Fet, Parmakelis, Kotsakiozi & Stathi, 2015</small> (Bulgaria)
Euscorpius erymanthius <small>Tropea, Fet, Parmakelis, Kotsakiozi & Stathi, 2013</small> (Greece)
Euscorpius eskisehirensis <small>Tropea & Yagmur, 2015</small> (Turkey)
Euscorpius feti <small>Tropea, 2013</small> (Croatia)
Euscorpius garganicus <small>Caporiacco, 1950</small> (Croatia and Italy)
Euscorpius giachinoi <small>Tropea & Fet, 2015</small> (Greece)
Euscorpius gocmeni <small>Tropea, Yagmur & Yesilyurt, 2014</small> (Turkey)
Euscorpius gulhanimae <small>Yagmur, 2024</small> (Turkey)
Euscorpius hadzii <small>Caporiacco, 1950</small> (Albania, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Montenegro and North Macedonia)
Euscorpius hakani <small>Tropea & Yagmur, 2016</small> (Turkey)
Euscorpius honazicus <small>Tropea, Yagmur, Karampatsou, Parmakelis & Yesilyurt, 2016</small> (Turkey)
Euscorpius hyblaeus <small>Tropea, 2016</small> (Sicily, Italy and Malta)
Euscorpius idaeus <small>Yagmur & Tropea, 2017</small> (Lesvos Island, Greece)
Euscorpius italicus <small>(Herbst, 1800)</small> (Albania, Algeria, Balearic Islands (Spain), Bosnia & Hercegovina, Croatia, France including Corsica, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Romania, Russia, Italy including Sardinia and Sicily, Libya, Monaco, Montenegro, San Marino, Slovenia, Turkey, Tunisia)
Euscorpius janstai <small>Kovarik & Stahlavsky, 2020</small> (North Macedonia)
Euscorpius kabateki <small>Kovarik & Stahlavsky, 2020</small> (Greece)
Euscorpius kinzelbachi <small>Tropea, Fet, Parmakelis, Kotsakiozi & Stathi, 2014</small> (Greece)
Euscorpius koci <small>Tropea & Yagmur, 2015</small> (Turkey)
Euscorpius koschewnikowi <small>Birula, 1900</small> (Greece)
Euscorpius kritscheri <small>Fet, Soleglad, Parmakelis, Kotsakiozi & Stathi, 2013</small> (Tinos Island, Greece)
Euscorpius lagostae <small>Caporiacco, 1950</small> (Lastovo Island, Croatia)
Euscorpius latinus <small>Tropea & Parmakelis, 2022</small> (Italy)
Euscorpius lesbiacus <small>Tropea, Fet, Parmakelis, Kotsakiozi, Stathi & Zafeiriou, 2020</small> (Lesvos island, Greece)
Euscorpius lycius <small>Yagmur, Tropea & Yesilyurt, 2013</small> (Turkey)
Euscorpius mingrelicus <small>(Kessler, 1874)</small> (Georgia and Turkey)
Euscorpius mylonasi <small>Fet, Soleglad, Parmakelis, Kotsakiozi & Stathi, 2014</small> (Evia island, Greece)
Euscorpius naupliensis <small>(C. L. Koch, 1837)</small> (Greece including Zakynthos)
Euscorpius niciensis <small>(C. L. Koch, 1841)</small> (France and Italy)
Euscorpius oglasae <small>Di Caporiacco, 1950</small> (Montecristo island, Italy)
Euscorpius olympus <small>Blasco-Arostegui & Prendini, 2023</small> (Greece)
Euscorpius ossae <small>Di Capriacco, 1950</small> (Greece)
Euscorpius parthenopeius <small>Tropea, Parmakelis, Sziszkosz, Balanika & Bouderka, 2014</small> (Ischia island, Italy)
Euscorpius petaberoni <small>Tropea, Fet, Parmakelis & Stathi, 2024</small> (Bulgaria)
Euscorpius phrygius <small>Tropea & Yagmur, 2015</small> (Turkey)
Euscorpius popovi <small>Tropea, Fet, Parmakelis, Kotsakiozi & Stathi, 2015</small> (Greece)
Euscorpius sadileki <small>Kovarik & Stahlavsky, 2020</small> (Serbia)
Euscorpius salentinus <small>Tropea, 2017</small> (Italy)
Euscorpius scaber <small>Birula, 1900</small> (Greece including Thasos island)
Euscorpius scheraboni <small>Kovarik & Stahlavsky, 2020</small> (Greece)
Euscorpius sicanus <small>(C. L. Koch, 1837)</small> (Sicily, Italy)
Euscorpius simaiakisi <small>Tropea, Fet, Parmakelis & Stathi, 2022</small> (Andros Island, Greece)
Euscorpius solegladi <small>Fet, Graham, Webber & Blagoev, 2014</small> (Greece)
Euscorpius stahlavskyi <small>Tropea, Fet, Parmakelis, Kotsakiozi & Stathi, 2014</small> (Greece. However it may also be present in Albania)
Euscorpius stefaniae <small>Tropea & Parmakelis, 2022</small> (Italy)
Euscorpius studentium <small>Karaman, 2020</small> (Montenegro)
Euscorpius sulfur <small>KovaÃ
ÂÃÂk, Audy, Sarbu & Fet, 2023</small> (Albania and Greece)
Euscorpius sultanensis <small>Tropea & Yagmur, 2016</small> (Turkey)
Euscorpius tauricus <small>(C. L. Koch, 1837)</small> (Crimea (Ukraine), Cyclades Islands (Greece) and Turkey)
Euscorpius tergestinus <small>(C.L. Koch, 1837)</small> (Slovenia, Croatia, Italy, introduced to Austria and Czech Republic)
Euscorpius thracicus <small>Kovarik, Lowe, Byronova & Stahlavsky, 2020</small> (Bulgaria)
Euscorpius trejaensis <small>Tropea & Parmakelis, 2022</small> (Italy)
Euscorpius triantisi <small>Tropea, Fet, Parmakelis & Stathi, 2022</small> (Skyros island, Greece)
Euscorpius trichasi <small>Tropea, Fet, Parmakelis & Stathi, 2024</small> (Greece)
Euscorpius uludagensis <small>Lacroix, 1995</small> (Turkey)
Euscorpius vailatii <small>Tropea & Fet, 2015</small> (Greece)
Euscorpius vignai <small>Tropea, Fet, Parmakelis, Kotsakiozi & Stathi, 2014</small> (Karpathos and Kasos Islands, Greece)
Euscorpius yagmuri <small>Kovarik, Fet & Soleglad, 2014</small> (Greece)
References