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Euphorinae

The Euphorinae are a large subfamily of Braconidae parasitoid wasps. Some species have been used for biological pest control. They are sister group to the Meteorinae.

There are over 1270 species of Euphorinae.

Description and distribution

Euphorines are small, usually dark colored wasps. They are non-cyclostomes. Euphorines are found worldwide.

Biology

Euphorines are solitary or rarely gregarious koinobiont endoparasitoids. Unlike most other parasitoid wasps, Euphorinae have a broad host range and attack adult insects or nymphs of hemimetabolous insects.

Wasps of the tribe Dinocampini parasitize adult beetles.

Taxonomy and phylogeny

Shaw (1985) divided Euphorinae into three tribes, Cosmophorini and Meteorini with one genus each and Euphorini containing 33 genera. In 1997, Shaw proposed 9 tribes and 31 genera of Euphorinae. By Yu et al. (2012), the list of representative tribes of Euphorinae had grown to 16: Centistini, Cosmophorini, Cryptoxilonini, Dinocampini, Euphorini, Helorimorphini, Mannokeraiini, Meteorini, Myiocephalini, Neoneurini, †Oncometeorini, Perilitini, Planitorini, Proclithrophorini, Syntretini, and Tainitermini. Mannokeraiini was synonymised under Planitorini by van Achterberg et al. (2017). Stigenberg et al. (2015) treated 52 genera in 14 extant tribes, elevating Pygostolini from a subtribe of Centistini, synonymizing Cryptoxilonini under Cormophorini, synonymizing Proclithrophorini under Townesilitini, and removing Tainitermini as not nested within Euphorinae. Chen & van Achterberg (2019) included the additional tribe of Eadyini and removed Proclithrophorini from synonymy. In 2021, Stigenberg & van Achterberg returned Proclithrophorini to synonymy under Townesilitini. Bendixen & Shaw (2024) elevated the Meteorini again to subfamily status as Meteorinae rather than treat them as basal Euphorinae.

The present Euphorinae thus contains 14 extant tribes: Centistini, Cosmophorini, Dinocampini, Eadyini, Ecnomiini, Euphorini, Helorimorphini, Myiocephalini, Neoneurini, Perilitini, Planitorini, Pygostolini, Syntretini, and Townesilitini.

Belokobylskij (2022) recognize two extinct tribes, Oncometeorini and Prosyntretini.

Genera

The following 56 extant genera and 6 extinct genera belong to the subfamily Euphorinae:

  • Stenope <small>van Achterberg & Reshchikov, 2018</small>

Tribe Centistini <small>Čapek, 1970</small>

Tribe Cosmophorini <small>Čapek, 1958</small>

Tribe Dinocampini <small>Shaw, 1985</small>

Tribe Eadyini <small>van Achterberg, 2000</small>

  • Eadya <small>Huddleston & Short, 1978</small>

Tribe Ecnomiini <small>van Achterberg, 1985 </small>

Tribe Euphorini <small>Shaw, 1985</small>

  • Leiophron <small>Nees von Esenbeck, 1818</small>
  • Mama <small>Belokobylskij, 2000</small>
  • Peristenus <small>Förster, 1862</small>

Tribe Helorimorphini <small>Schmiedeknecht, 1907</small>

Tribe Myiocephalini <small>Chen & van Achterberg, 1997 </small>

Tribe Neoneurini <small>Bengtsson, 1918</small>

†Tribe Oncometeorini <small>Tobias, 1987</small>

Tribe Perilitini <small>Förster, 1862</small>

Tribe Planitorini <small>van Achterberg, 1995</small>

†Tribe Prosyntretini <small>Tobias, 1987</small>

Tribe Pygostolini <small>Belokobylskij, 2000</small>

Tribe Syntretini <small>Shaw, 1985 </small>

Tribe Townesilitini <small>Shaw, 1985</small>

References

External links