Metropolitan Eugene (, secular name Valery Germanovich Reshetnikov, ; born October 9, 1957) is a bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church, and primate of the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate (since 2018), former rector of Moscow Theological Academy (1995âÂÂ2018) and Chairman of the Educational Committee of the Holy Synod (1994âÂÂ2018). After on January 18, 2024, Estonia announced that it would not renew Reshetnikov's residence permit Reshetnikov left Estonia on February 6, 2024. His residence permit was evoked because he was assessed to be a security risk due to his justification of RussiaâÂÂs invasion of Ukraine and his defense of the Russian government.
Biography
Early life
Born on October 9, 1957, in Esil District, Akmola Region of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. He spent his adolescent and youthful years in Kirov. After completing eight years of high school, he studied at the Kirov builder's college (ÃÂøÃÂþòÃÂúøù ÃÂÃÂÃÂþøÃÂõûÃÂýÃÂù ÃÂõÃÂ
ýøúÃÂü). From 1977 to 1979, he served in the Soviet Army. After the demobilization, he worked in the Kirov diocesan administration, while acting as subdeacon of Bishop Chrysanth (Chepil) of Kirov.
In 1980, he entered the Moscow Theological Seminary. He performed the job of subdeacon of the Rector of the Moscow Theological Schools, Bishop Alexander (Timofeyev). In 1983 he graduated from the Moscow Theological Seminary and entered the Moscow Theological Academy. In 1987, he received his doctorate in theology, after defending his thesis "Pastorhood in the Russian Church in the Tenth to Thirteenth Centuries" (Russian: "ÃÂðÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂòþ ò àÃÂÃÂÃÂúþù æõÃÂúòø ò X-XIII òõúðÃÂ
").
On July 27, 1986, archimandrite Benedict (Knyazev) tonsured him a monk with the name Eugene in honour of hieromartyr Eugene of Chersonesus. On August 3, he was ordained hierodeacon, then on August 28 he was ordained hieromonk.
In March 1988, the day of Pascha, he was elevated to the rank of hegumen. On January 1, 1989, he was elevated to the rank of archimandrite and was appointed Vice-Chancellor of the Moscow Theological Schools for administrative work. On November 16, 1990, was appointed inspector of Moscow Theological Seminary.
On August 6, 1991, by decree of Patriarch Alexius II, he was appointed rector of the Stavropol Theological Seminary.
On February 28, 1994, by decision of the Holy Synod, he was appointed Acting Chairman of the Education Committee of the Russian Orthodox Church with the dismissal of the Rector of the Stavropol Theological Seminary and elected bishop of Vereya, Vicar of the Moscow Diocese.
Titular bishop of Vereyð
On April 16, 1994, in Epiphany Cathedral at Yelokhovo, Moscow, he was consecrated Bishop of Vereyð, vicar of the Moscow diocese.
On July 18, 1995, was appointed rector of the Moscow Theological Schools with preservation of the post of Chairman of the Education Committee.
On July 18, 1998, the Holy Synod approve him as Chairman of the Education Committee.
On February 25, 2000, Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow elevated him to the rank of archbishop.
Guided by the decisions of the Bishops' Councils of the Russian Orthodox Church, as well as definitions of the Holy Synod and the instructions of the Patriarch, he headed the reform of theological schools of Russian Orthodox Church to transform theological seminaries as higher education schools, and theological academies as specialized educational institutions for training of scientific and theological personnel and teachers of theological and educational institutions. The process of reforming theological education was worked out in Moscow theological schools, the experience of which was then applied in other religious educational institutions of the Russian Orthodox Church.
From 2004 to 2007 he was member of the dialogue commission between the Moscow Patriarchate and Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia.
On March 22, 2011, he became member of then established Supreme Church Council of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Metropolitan of Tallinn and All Estonia
On May 5, 2018, at the meeting of the Synod of the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate he was elected one of the two candidates for the post of Primate of the Estonian Orthodox Church. The Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church approved this decision at a meeting on May 14. On May 29, 2018, an Extraordinary Council of the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate elected him its Primate. On 3 June 2018, during the divine liturgy at the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and all Russia elevated him to the rank of Metropolitan and awarded the right to wear the second Panagia within the Estonian Orthodox Church. On July 14, the Holy Synod dismissed him Chairman of the Educational Committee of the Russian Orthodox Church and rector of the Moscow Theological Schools.
After becoming , he began to study Estonian and applied for a residence permit in Estonia.
In March 2022, he signed a statement concerning Russia's invasion of Ukraine (the previous month), but in a later interview that month he insisted that his interpretation of the document radically differed from that of his co-signatories.
On January 18, 2024 Estonia announced that it would not renew Reshetnikov's residence permit, stating "His actions are a security risk to Estonia." The Estonian Police said that he had been repeatedly asked to stop justifying RussiaâÂÂs invasion of Ukraine and to stop defending the Russian government, but that he "has consistently vindicated and supported the Kremlin regime's bloody aggression against Ukraine." The lack of renewal required Reshetnikov to leave Estonia before the expiration of his residence permit on February 6, 2024. Reshetnikov called the decision "political" and vowed that he would continue working remotely if he returned to Russia.
Metropolitan Eugene left Estonia on February 6, 2024. At his farewell liturgy in the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Tallinn, he led the ordination of his former personal secretary, Archpriest to the rank of bishop of the city of Tartu.
Published works
- áûþòþ ýð ÃÂþÃÂöõÃÂÃÂòõýýþü ÃÂþñÃÂðýøø ÿÃÂþÃÂõÃÂÃÂþÃÂÃÂúþ-ÿÃÂõÿþôðòðÃÂõûÃÂÃÂúþóþ ÃÂþÃÂÃÂðòð ø ÃÂÃÂðÃÂøÃÂ
ÃÂàÃÂþÃÂúþòÃÂúøÃÂ
ÃÂÃÂÃÂ
þòýÃÂÃÂ
ÃÂúþû 1 ÃÂõýÃÂÃÂñÃÂà1996 óþôð // ÃÂÃÂÃÂýðû ÃÂþÃÂúþòÃÂúþù ÃÂðÃÂÃÂøðÃÂÃÂ
øø. ÃÂ., 1996.àâ âÂÂà12.àâ á. 38-40.
- ÃÂÃÂøòõÃÂÃÂÃÂòøõ þàãÃÂõñýþóþ úþüøÃÂõÃÂð ÿÃÂø áòÃÂÃÂõýýþü áøýþôõ ø ÃÂÃÂà[ÃÂñøû. úþýÃÂ. áÃÂñÃÂÃÂøá. 25-26 ôõú. 1996àó.] // ÃÂ¥ÃÂøÃÂÃÂøðýÃÂúþõ ÃÂÃÂõýøõ. ÃÂ., 1997.àâ âÂÂà14.àâ á. 18-19.
- ÃÂÃÂþñûõüÃÂ, ÃÂÃÂþÃÂÃÂøõ ÿõÃÂõô ôÃÂÃÂ
þòýÃÂüø ÃÂúþûðüø: [ÃÂþúû. ýð ÃÂñøû. úþýÃÂ. áÃÂñÃÂÃÂøá. 25-26 ôõú. 1996àó.] // ÃÂ¥ÃÂøÃÂÃÂøðýÃÂúþõ ÃÂÃÂõýøõ. ÃÂ., 1997.àâ âÂÂà14.àâ á. 42-46.
- ÃÂþúûðô ýð ÃÂÃÂÃÂ
øõÃÂõùÃÂúþü áþñþÃÂõ // ÃÂÃÂÃÂýðû ÃÂþÃÂúþòÃÂúþù ÃÂðÃÂÃÂøðÃÂÃÂ
øø. ÃÂ., 1997.àâ âÂÂà6.àâ á. 28-32.
- áòÃÂÃÂøÃÂõûàÃÂýýþúõýÃÂøù ø âÃÂþøÃÂõ-áõÃÂóøõòð ÃÂðòÃÂð // ÃÂÃÂÃÂýðû ÃÂþÃÂúþòÃÂúþù ÃÂðÃÂÃÂøðÃÂÃÂ
øø. ÃÂ., 1997.àâ âÂÂà11.àâ á. 49-55.
- ÃÂ÷ðøüþôõùÃÂÃÂòøõ ãÃÂõñýþóþ úþüøÃÂõÃÂð ø ÃÂÃÂôõûð ÃÂõûøóøþ÷ýþóþ þñÃÂð÷þòðýøàø úðÃÂõÃÂ
ø÷ðÃÂøø ÃÂþÃÂúþòÃÂúþóþ ÃÂðÃÂÃÂøðÃÂÃÂ
ðÃÂð // àþöôõÃÂÃÂòõýÃÂúøõ ÃÂÃÂõýøÃÂ, 6-õ. ÃÂ., 1998.àâ á. 64-70.
- ÃÂñÃÂð÷þòðýøõ ø úÃÂûÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂð. àòþÿÃÂþÃÂàþñ øÃÂÃÂþÃÂøÃÂõÃÂúþü þÿÃÂÃÂõ // áñþÃÂýøú ÿûõýðÃÂýÃÂÃÂ
ôþúûðôþò VII ÃÂõöôÃÂýðÃÂþôýÃÂÃÂ
àþöôõÃÂÃÂòõýÃÂúøÃÂ
þñÃÂð÷þòðÃÂõûÃÂýÃÂÃÂ
ÃÂÃÂõýøù.àâ ÃÂ. : ÃÂÃÂôõû ÃÂõûøóøþ÷ýþóþ þñÃÂð÷þòðýøàø úðÃÂõÃÂ
ø÷ðÃÂøø àÃÂÃÂÃÂúþù ÃÂÃÂðòþÃÂûðòýþù æõÃÂúòø, 1999.àâ 288 ÃÂ.àâ á. 87-94.
- ÃÂúÃÂÃÂðûÃÂýÃÂõ ÿÃÂþñûõüàñþóþÃÂûþòÃÂúþóþ þñÃÂð÷þòðýøÃÂ: [ÃÂþúû. ýð ÃÂþóþÃÂû. úþýÃÂ. ëÃÂÃÂðòþÃÂûðòýþõ ñþóþÃÂûþòøõ ýð ÿþÃÂþóõ ÃÂÃÂõÃÂÃÂõóþ ÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂõûõÃÂøÃÂû. ÃÂþÃÂúòð, 7-9 ÃÂõòÃÂ. 2000àó.] // æõÃÂúþòàø òÃÂõüÃÂ. ÃÂ., 2000.àâ âÂÂà2(11).àâ á. 222âÂÂ236.
- ÃÂþòðàúþýÃÂõÿÃÂøàÃÂÃÂõñýþù ôõÃÂÃÂõûÃÂýþÃÂÃÂø àÃÂÃÂÃÂúþù ÃÂÃÂðòþÃÂûðòýþù æõÃÂúòø // ÃÂÃÂÃÂþÃÂøÃÂõÃÂúøù òõÃÂÃÂýøú. ÃÂ., 2000.àâ âÂÂà7(11).àâ á. 65-73.
- àõûøóøàø ýðÃÂúð: ÃÂÃÂÃÂàú ÷ýðýøà// áñþÃÂýøú ÿûõýðÃÂýÃÂÃÂ
ôþúûðôþò VIII ÃÂõöôÃÂýðÃÂþôýÃÂÃÂ
àþöôõÃÂÃÂòõýÃÂúøÃÂ
þñÃÂð÷þòðÃÂõûÃÂýÃÂÃÂ
ÃÂÃÂõýøù.àâ ÃÂ. : ÃÂÃÂôõû ÃÂõûøóøþ÷ýþóþ þñÃÂð÷þòðýøàø úðÃÂõÃÂ
ø÷ðÃÂøø àÃÂÃÂÃÂúþù ÃÂÃÂðòþÃÂûðòýþù æõÃÂúòø, 2000.àâ 280 ÃÂ.àâ á. 123âÂÂ129.
- àÃÂþÃÂÃÂþÃÂýøø ø ÿõÃÂÃÂÿõúÃÂøòðÃÂ
ôÃÂÃÂ
þòýþóþ þñÃÂð÷þòðýøÃÂ: ÃÂþúûðô ýð ÃÂÃÂÃÂ
øõÃÂõùÃÂúþü ÃÂþñþÃÂõ àÃÂÃÂÃÂúþù ÿÃÂðòþÃÂûðòýþù ÃÂõÃÂúòø (ÃÂþÃÂúòð, 13-16 ðòóÃÂÃÂÃÂð 2000àó.) // ÃÂõÃÂÃÂýøú òÃÂÃÂÃÂõù ÃÂúþûÃÂ. 2000.àâ âÂÂà8
- ÃÂõúþÃÂþÃÂÃÂõ ÿÃÂþñûõüàøÃÂÃÂþÃÂøø ø ÃÂþòÃÂõüõýýþóþ ÃÂþÃÂÃÂþÃÂýøàþñÃÂð÷þòðýøàò àþÃÂÃÂøø // ÃÂÃÂÃÂýðû ÃÂþÃÂúþòÃÂúþù ÃÂðÃÂÃÂøðÃÂÃÂ
øø. ÃÂ., 2000.àâ âÂÂà12.àâ á. 45-50.
- ÃÂþ÷ÃÂþöôõýøõ úûðÃÂÃÂøÃÂõÃÂúþóþ þñÃÂð÷þòðýøà// áñþÃÂýøú ÿûõýðÃÂýÃÂÃÂ
ôþúûðôþò IX ÃÂõöôÃÂýðÃÂþôýÃÂÃÂ
àþöôõÃÂÃÂòõýÃÂúøÃÂ
þñÃÂð÷þòðÃÂõûÃÂýÃÂÃÂ
ÃÂÃÂõýøù.àâ ÃÂ. : ÃÂÃÂôõû ÃÂõûøóøþ÷ýþóþ þñÃÂð÷þòðýøàø úðÃÂõÃÂ
ø÷ðÃÂøø àÃÂÃÂÃÂúþù ÃÂÃÂðòþÃÂûðòýþù æõÃÂúòø, 2001.àâ 304 ÃÂ.àâ á. 104âÂÂ110
- æõÃÂúþòýðàÃÂþÃÂÃÂøùÃÂúðàÃÂøÃÂÃÂõüð þñÃÂð÷þòðýøÃÂ: úþýÃÂõÿÃÂÃÂðûÃÂýÃÂõ þÃÂýþòàò÷ðøüþþÃÂýþÃÂõýøù // áñþÃÂýøú ÿûõýðÃÂýÃÂÃÂ
ôþúûðôþò ÃÂ¥ ÃÂõöôÃÂýðÃÂþôýÃÂÃÂ
àþöôõÃÂÃÂòõýÃÂúøÃÂ
þñÃÂð÷þòðÃÂõûÃÂýÃÂÃÂ
ÃÂÃÂõýøù.àâ ÃÂ. : ÃÂÃÂôõû ÃÂõûøóøþ÷ýþóþ þñÃÂð÷þòðýøàø úðÃÂõÃÂ
ø÷ðÃÂøø àÃÂÃÂÃÂúþù ÃÂÃÂðòþÃÂûðòýþù æõÃÂúòø, 2002.àâ 352 ÃÂ.àâ á. 74-88
- ÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÿøÃÂõûÃÂýþõ ÃÂûþòþ // ÃÂÃÂðúÃÂøúð ÃÂÃÂÃÂõüýþóþ ÃÂûÃÂöõýøÃÂ: ÃÂðÃÂõÃÂøðûàÃÂõüøýðÃÂð, ÃÂþÃÂúþòÃÂúðàÃÂÃÂÃÂ
þòýðàÃÂúðôõüøÃÂ, 18àâ 19 ÃÂõýÃÂÃÂñÃÂà2001 óþôð / ãÃÂõñýÃÂù ÃÂþüøÃÂõààÃÂÃÂÃÂúþù ÃÂÃÂðòþÃÂûðòýþù æõÃÂúòø, ÃÂþÃÂúþòÃÂúðàôÃÂÃÂ
þòýðàðúðôõüøÃÂ, ÃÂñÃÂõÃÂÃÂòþ üøûþÃÂõÃÂôøàò ÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂüðÃÂ
ëÃÂõÃÂð, ÃÂðôõöôð, ÃÂÃÂñþòÃÂû òþ øüàáòÃÂÃÂøÃÂõûàÃÂøúþûðàçÃÂôþÃÂòþÃÂÃÂð.àâ áõÃÂóøõò ÃÂþÃÂðô : [ñ. ø.], 2002.àâ á. 3âÂÂ5
- ÃÂýÃÂõóÃÂðÃÂøàñþóþÃÂûþòÃÂúþóþ þñÃÂð÷þòðýøààÃÂÃÂÃÂúþù ÃÂÃÂðòþÃÂûðòýþù æõÃÂúòø ò ÃÂøÃÂÃÂõüàÃÂþÃÂÃÂøùÃÂúþóþ þñÃÂð÷þòðýøà// áñþÃÂýøú ÿûõýðÃÂýÃÂÃÂ
ôþúûðôþò ÃÂ¥I ÃÂõöôÃÂýðÃÂþôýÃÂÃÂ
àþöôõÃÂÃÂòõýÃÂúøÃÂ
þñÃÂð÷þòðÃÂõûÃÂýÃÂÃÂ
ÃÂÃÂõýøù / ÃÂõô. ðÃÂÃÂ
øü. ÃÂþðýý (ÃÂúþýþüÃÂõò), ÃÂþÃÂÃÂ., ÃÂõô. ÃÂ.àÃÂ.àèûõýþò, ÃÂþÃÂÃÂ., ÃÂõô. ÃÂ.àÃÂ.àÃÂõÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂøýð.àâ ÃÂ.: ÃÂÃÂôõû ÃÂõûøóøþ÷ýþóþ þñÃÂð÷þòðýøàø úðÃÂõÃÂ
ø÷ðÃÂøø àÃÂÃÂÃÂúþù ÃÂÃÂðòþÃÂûðòýþù æõÃÂúòø, 2003.àâ 384 ÃÂ.àâ á. 84âÂÂ92.
- ÃÂÃÂþñûõüàòÃÂÃÂÃÂõóþ ñþóþÃÂûþòÃÂúþóþ þñÃÂð÷þòðýøàò àþÃÂÃÂøø. ÃÂýÃÂõÃÂòÃÂàÃÂòõùÃÂðÃÂÃÂúþüàöÃÂÃÂýðûàëGlaube in der 2. Weltû (ëÃÂõÃÂð òþ òÃÂþÃÂþü üøÃÂõû) // ÃÂþóþÃÂûþòÃÂúøù òõÃÂÃÂýøú. 2003.àâ âÂÂà3.àâ á. 224âÂÂ236
- ÃÂþóþÃÂûþòÃÂúþõ þñÃÂð÷þòðýøõ ò àþÃÂÃÂøø: øÃÂÃÂþÃÂøÃÂ, ÃÂþòÃÂõüõýýþÃÂÃÂÃÂ, ÿõÃÂÃÂÿõúÃÂøòÃÂ: ÃÂñøûõùýÃÂù ÃÂñþÃÂýøú.àâ ÃÂ. : ãÃÂõñýÃÂù ÃÂþüøÃÂõààÃÂÃÂÃÂúþù ÃÂÃÂðòþÃÂûðòýþù æõÃÂúòø: ÃÂþÃÂúþòÃÂúðàÃÂÃÂÃÂ
þòýðàÃÂúðôõüøÃÂ, 2004.àâ 132 ÃÂ.àâÂÂ
- ÃÂúðôõüøÃÂõÃÂúðàÃÂõÃÂþÃÂüð // ÃÂþóþÃÂûþòÃÂúøù òõÃÂÃÂýøú. 2004.àâ âÂÂà4àâ á. 344âÂÂ353
- ÃÂÃÂþÿþòõôàÿõÃÂõô ÃÂøýþü ÿÃÂþÃÂõýøà// ÃÂþóþÃÂûþòÃÂúøù òõÃÂÃÂýøú. 2004.àâ âÂÂà4àâ á. 373âÂÂ378
- ÃÂúÃÂÃÂðûÃÂýÃÂõ ÿÃÂþñûõüàñþóþÃÂûþòÃÂúþóþ þñÃÂð÷þòðýøà// ÃÂÃÂðòþÃÂûðòýþõ ñþóþÃÂûþòøõ ýð ÿþÃÂþóõ ÃÂÃÂõÃÂÃÂõóþ ÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂõûõÃÂøÃÂ: üðÃÂõÃÂøðûà/ ÃÂþóþÃÂûþòÃÂúðàúþýÃÂõÃÂõýÃÂøààÃÂÃÂÃÂúþù ÃÂÃÂðòþÃÂûðòýþù æõÃÂúòø. ÃÂþÃÂúòð, 7àâ 9 ÃÂõòÃÂðûà2000àó.àâ ÃÂ.: áøýþôðûÃÂýðàÃÂþóþÃÂûþòÃÂúðàúþüøÃÂÃÂøÃÂ, 2005.àâ 462 ÃÂ.àâ á. 186âÂÂ198.
- ÃÂÃÂþÿþòõôàò ôõýàòÃÂÿÃÂÃÂúð // ÃÂþóþÃÂûþòÃÂúøù òõÃÂÃÂýøú. 2005.àâ âÂÂà5-6àâ á. 413âÂÂ417
- âðøýÃÂÃÂòþ ÃÂþúðÃÂýøÃÂ: ñþóþÃÂûþòÃÂúøõ ðÃÂÿõúÃÂà// ÃÂÃÂðòþÃÂûðòýþõ ÃÂÃÂõýøõ þ æõÃÂúþòýÃÂÃÂ
âðøýÃÂÃÂòðÃÂ
: V ÃÂõöôÃÂýðÃÂþôýðàñþóþÃÂûþòÃÂúðàúþýÃÂõÃÂõýÃÂøààÃÂÃÂÃÂúþù ÿÃÂðòþÃÂûðòýþù ÃÂõÃÂúòø (ÃÂþÃÂúòð, 13-16 ýþÃÂñÃÂà2007àó.).àâ â. 3 : ÃÂÃÂðú. ÃÂþúðÃÂýøõ. ÃÂûõþÃÂòÃÂÃÂõýøõ. âðøýÃÂÃÂòð ø ÃÂðùýþôõùÃÂÃÂòøÃÂ.àâ ÃÂ. : áøýþôðûÃÂýðàñøñûõùÃÂúþ-ñþóþÃÂûþòÃÂúðàúþüøÃÂÃÂøÃÂ, 2009.àâ á. 167âÂÂ176
- âÃÂÃÂôàÃÂòÃÂÃÂøÃÂõûàÃÂýýþúõýÃÂøàÃÂþÃÂúþòÃÂúþóþ ÿþ ÃÂð÷òøÃÂøàôÃÂÃÂ
þòýþóþ ÿÃÂþÃÂòõÃÂõýøàø þñÃÂð÷þòðýøàò àÃÂÃÂÃÂúþù ÃÂüõÃÂøúõ ø ýð ÃÂðûÃÂýõü ÃÂþÃÂÃÂþúõ // ÃÂþ ÃÂÃÂþÿðü óÃÂðÃÂð ÃÂ.àÃÂ.àÃÂÃÂÃÂðòÃÂõòð-ÃÂüÃÂÃÂÃÂúþóþ ø ÃÂòÃÂÃÂøÃÂõûàÃÂýýþúõýÃÂøà(ÃÂõýøðüøýþòð)àâ òþ÷ÃÂþôøü ÃÂþôýþù úÃÂðù: üðÃÂõÃÂøðûàýðÃÂÃÂýþ-ÿÃÂðúÃÂøÃÂõÃÂúþù úþýÃÂõÃÂõýÃÂøø. Ã¥ðñðÃÂþòÃÂú, 10 øÃÂýà2008 óþôð.àâ Ã¥ðñðÃÂþòÃÂú : Ã¥ðñðÃÂþòÃÂúðàôÃÂÃÂ
þòýðàÃÂõüøýðÃÂøÃÂ, 2009.àâ á. 163âÂÂ177
- ÃÂúðôõüøÃÂõÃÂúøõ ÃÂñøûõø // ÃÂþóþÃÂûþòÃÂúøù òõÃÂÃÂýøú. 2010.àâ âÂÂà11-12.àâ á. 23âÂÂ35
- àÿþøÃÂúðÃÂ
ýðÃÂðûð: ú 70-ûõÃÂýõüàÃÂñøûõàòþ÷ÃÂþöôõýøàÃÂþÃÂúþòÃÂúþù ôÃÂÃÂ
þòýþù ðúðôõüøø // ÃÂþóþÃÂûþòÃÂúøù òõÃÂÃÂýøú. 2013.àâ âÂÂà13àâ á. 21-24
- ÃÂþúûðô ýð ÃÂþÃÂöõÃÂÃÂòõýýþü ðúÃÂõ, ÿþÃÂòÃÂÃÂõýýþü 200-ûõÃÂøàÿõÃÂõòþôð ÃÂþÃÂúþòÃÂúþù ôÃÂÃÂ
þòýþù ðúðôõüøø ò âÃÂþøÃÂõ-áõÃÂóøõòàÃÂðòÃÂà// ÃÂÃÂüðýøÃÂðÃÂýÃÂõ ýðÃÂúø ò ÃÂõþûþóøÃÂõÃÂúþü ÿÃÂþÃÂÃÂÃÂðýÃÂÃÂòõ: ÃÂ÷ðøüþôõùÃÂÃÂòøõ ôÃÂÃÂ
þòýþóþ ø ÃÂòõÃÂÃÂúþóþ þñÃÂð÷þòðýøàò àþÃÂÃÂøø ýð ÿÃÂøüõÃÂõ ÃÂþÃÂúþòÃÂúþù ôÃÂÃÂ
þòýþù ðúðôõüøø àýðÃÂðûð XIXàò. ÿþ ýðÃÂÃÂþÃÂÃÂõõ òÃÂõüà: áñþÃÂýøú ÃÂÃÂðÃÂõù ò ÃÂõÃÂÃÂà200-ûõÃÂýõóþ ÃÂñøûõàÿÃÂõñÃÂòðýøàÃÂþÃÂúþòÃÂúþù ôÃÂÃÂ
þòýþù ðúðôõüøø ò âÃÂþøÃÂõ-áõÃÂóøõòþù ÃÂðòÃÂõ.àâ áõÃÂóøõò ÃÂþÃÂðô : ÃÂþÃÂúþòÃÂúðàôÃÂÃÂ
þòýðàðúðôõüøàø ÃÂõüøýðÃÂøÃÂ, 2015.àâ á. 37-51
- ÃÂÃÂþÿþòõôàþ üþýðÃÂõÃÂúþü ÿÃÂø÷òðýøø ò ÃÂþòÃÂõüõýýþü üøÃÂõ // ÃÂþóþÃÂûþòÃÂúøù òõÃÂÃÂýøú.àâ áõÃÂóøõò ÃÂþÃÂðô: ÃÂþÃÂúþòÃÂúðàôÃÂÃÂ
þòýðàðúðôõüøàø ÃÂõüøýðÃÂøÃÂ.àâ 2016.àâ âÂÂà20-21.àâ á. 363âÂÂ367
- ÃÂþÃÂúþòÃÂúðàÃÂÃÂÃÂ
þòýðàÃÂúðôõüøàò 1917âÂÂ1918 ÃÂÃÂõñýþü óþôÃÂ: ÃÂð ÿÃÂÃÂø ú üÃÂÃÂõýøÃÂõÃÂÃÂòà// ÃÂþóþÃÂûþòÃÂúøù òõÃÂÃÂýøú.àâ áõÃÂóøõò ÃÂþÃÂðô : ÃÂþÃÂúþòÃÂúðàôÃÂÃÂ
þòýðàðúðôõüøàø ÃÂõüøýðÃÂøÃÂ. 2017.àâ âÂÂà26-27.àâ á. 21-41
- ÃÂÃÂýþòýÃÂõ ÷ýðÃÂõýøàÃÂõÃÂüøýð ëñþóþÃÂûþòøõû (øõÿûÿóïñ) ø øÃÂ
ÃÂþûàò òÃÂÃÂÃÂõü ñþóþÃÂûþòÃÂúþü þñÃÂð÷þòðýøø // âõþûþóøàø þñÃÂð÷þòðýøõ: 2018: õöõóþôýøú ÃÂðÃÂÃÂýþ-þñÃÂð÷þòðÃÂõûÃÂýþù ÃÂõþûþóøÃÂõÃÂúþù ðÃÂÃÂþÃÂøðÃÂøø / ÃÂñÃÂõÃÂõÃÂúþòýðàðÃÂÿøÃÂðýÃÂÃÂÃÂð ø ôþúÃÂþÃÂðýÃÂÃÂÃÂð øü. ÃÂòò. ÃÂøÃÂøûûð ø ÃÂõÃÂþôøÃÂ, ÃÂðÃÂøþýðûÃÂýÃÂù øÃÂÃÂûõôþòðÃÂõûÃÂÃÂúøù ÃÂôõÃÂýÃÂù ÃÂýøòõÃÂÃÂøÃÂõàëÃÂÃÂäÃÂû; ÃÂõô. üøÃÂÃÂ. ÃÂûðÃÂøþý.àâ ÃÂ. : ÃÂ÷ôðÃÂõûÃÂÃÂúøù ôþü ëÃÂþ÷ýðýøõû, 2018.àâ á. 50-60
References
Sources