In linguistics, an etymological calque is a lexical item calqued from another language by replicating the etymology of the borrowed lexical item although this etymology is irrelevant for the meaning being borrowed.
Most calques are not etymological. For example, the English compound basketball was calqued, conventionally, into Standard Chinese as 篮ç lánqiú, which means "basketball". The lexical item 篮ç lánqiú consists of 篮 lán "basket" and ç qiú "ball". Therefore, lánqiú is a calque. On the other hand, the English compound hotdog was etymologically calqued into Standard Chinese as çÂÂç règÃÂu "hotdog". The Chinese lexical item çÂÂç règÃÂu "hotdog" consists of ç rè "hot" and ç gÃÂu "dog", and is thus an etymological calque of the English lexical item hotdog. Those making the calque (as well as Chinese speakers) are completely aware that when they eat a çÂÂç règÃÂu "hotdog" they do not eat dog meat. Nonetheless, they chose to retain the English etymology within the Chinese neologism. Therefore, règÃÂu is an etymological calque.
The etymology of the English lexical item cocktail is maintained and visible within the Chinese etymological calque 鸡尾頠jëwÃÂijià"cocktail". The Chinese lexical item 鸡尾頠jëwÃÂijià"cocktail" means literally "chicken tail alcohol", and is thus an etymological calque of the English lexical item cocktail.
Hemda Ben-YehudaâÂÂs 1904 neologism ÃÂÃÂäàà' "fashion" is an etymological calque - deriving from ÃÂÃÂäà' "mode" â of the internationalism móda "fashion" (e.g. moda in Italian), which can be traced back to the Latin lexical item modus "mode".