Black Township is one of ten townships in Posey County, Indiana. As of the 2020 census, its population was 9,032. The township is the largest both in terms of area and population in Posey County.
Black Township was organized in 1817. The township was named for the Black family of pioneer settlers.
The Frederick and Augusta Hagemann Farm, Mann site, and Mount Vernon site are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
It is within the Metropolitan School District of Mt. Vernon, which operates Mount Vernon High School.