The Eparchy of Syrmia () is an eparchy (diocese) of the Serbian Orthodox Church covering Syrmia region in northwestern Serbia and eastern Croatia.
The episcopal see is located at the Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Sremski Karlovci. Its headquarters and bishop's residence, are also in Sremski Karlovci, both located at the Palace of the Patriarchate.
The eparchy operates the Seminary of Sremski Karlovci, the second-oldest Orthodox seminary in the world (after the Spiritual Academy in Kyiv), founded in 1794.
The Eparchy of Syrmia is one of the oldest ecclesiastical institutions in this part of Southeastern Europe. The Bishopric of Sirmium was an important ecclesiastical center of the late Roman Empire in the 4th and 5th centuries. The bishopric collapsed after 582 when ancient Sirmium was finally destroyed by Avars.
After the Christianization of the Slavs, the eparchy was revived, and from 1018 it belonged to the Eastern Orthodox Archbishopric of Ohrid. The region was later conquered by the Kingdom of Hungary, and the eparchy was suppressed at the beginning of the 13th century, while on the same territory the Roman Catholic Diocese of Syrmia was established. During the late Middle Ages, remaining Eastern Orthodox Christians in the region of Syrmia came under the jurisdiction of the Serbian Metropolitans of Belgrade. The most notable of these was Saint Maksim BrankoviÃÂ, metropolitan of Belgrade and Syrmia (died 1516) who built the Monastery of Kruà ¡edol. During the 16th and 17th centuries they styled themselves as Metropolitans of Belgrade and Syrmia, and the eparchy was under jurisdiction of the Serbian Patriarchate of PeÃÂ.
In 1708, when the autonomous Metropolitanate of Karlovci was created within the Habsburg monarchy, the Eparchy of Srem became the archdiocese of the Metropolitan, whose seat was first in the Kruà ¡edol Monastery, and then in Sremski Karlovci. The Eparchy remained part of the Metropolitanate of Karlovci until the end of the World War I.
In 1920, when all the Serbian ecclesiastical provinces united into one Serbian Orthodox Church, the Eparchy of Syrmia, with its seat at Sremski Karlovci, came under the administration of Archbishop of Belgrade, who was also the Serbian Patriarch. Final unification of two eparchies was completed in 1931 when the Eparchy of Srem and the Archbishopric of Belgrade were united as the Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci. During that period, the diocesan administration was delegated to titular bishops as archdiocesan vicars.
In 1947, the region of Syrmia was excluded from the Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci, and re-established as the separate Eparchy of Syrmia. Although the name of the Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci still includes the name of the town of Sremski Karlovci, town is today part of the Eparchy of Syrmia and not of the Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci.