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Enoplognatha

Enoplognatha is a genus of comb-footed spiders first described by P. Pavesi in 1880. They were characterized by both a large colulus and a subspherical abdomen, with males usually have enlarged chelicerae. It is considered a senior synonym of Symopagia.

Life style

These spiders have a diverse lifestyle and make cob-webs under stones or ground debris while some specimens are sampled from vegetation where they build webs on, between and around leaves. The white egg sacs are deposited in the web.

In South Africa, Theridion purcelli and Enoplognatha molesta were the most abundant theridiids found in citrus orchards in South Africa. In cotton fields, E. molesta was the most common species, followed by T. purcelli. In the laboratory, both species fed on red spider mites, the first three larval stages and adult stages of Helicoverpa armigera, leafhoppers and aphids.

Description

Among the theridiids, they are medium to large sized. E. maricopa, a red-brown spider with a mottled purplish abdomen, has males that can reach a length of , while females typically reach . E. peruviana females can grow to long, and female E. zapfeae can reach up to .

Species

, this genus includes 75 species with a cosmopolitan distribution, including Greenland and Western Australia:

  • E. aituarca <small>Esyunin & Efimik, 1998</small> = Enoplognatha serratosignata <small>(L. Koch, 1879)</small>
  • E. albimaculosa <small>(Saito, 1934, T from Steatoda)</small> = Enoplognatha caricis <small>(Fickert, 1876)</small>
  • E. ambigua <small>Kulczyński, 1894</small> = Enoplognatha serratosignata <small>(L. Koch, 1879)</small>
  • E. arganoi <small>(Brignoli, 1980, T from Robertus)</small> = Enoplognatha testacea <small>Simon, 1884</small>
  • E. camtschadalica <small>Kulczyński, 1885</small> = Enoplognatha caricis <small>(Fickert, 1876)</small>
  • E. corollata <small>(Bertkau, 1883)</small> = Enoplognatha oelandica <small>(Thorell, 1875)</small>
  • E. cottarellii <small>(Brignoli, 1980)</small> = Enoplognatha testacea <small>Simon, 1884</small>
  • E. crucifera <small>(Thorell, 1875)</small> = Enoplognatha mordax <small>(Thorell, 1875)</small>
  • E. dorsinotata <small>Bösenberg & Strand, 1906</small> = Enoplognatha caricis <small>(Fickert, 1876)</small>
  • E. elimata <small>(L. Koch, 1882, T from Theridion)</small> = Enoplognatha diversa <small>(Blackwall, 1859)</small>
  • E. hangzhouensis <small>Zhu, 1998</small> = Enoplognatha abrupta <small>(Karsch, 1879)</small>
  • E. hungarica <small>Kolosváry, 1934</small> = Enoplognatha serratosignata <small>(L. Koch, 1879)</small>
  • E. jacksoni <small>Schenkel, 1927</small> = Enoplognatha serratosignata <small>(L. Koch, 1879)</small>
  • E. japonica <small>Bösenberg & Strand, 1906</small> = Enoplognatha caricis <small>(Fickert, 1876)</small>
  • E. joshua <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942</small> = Enoplognatha joshua <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942</small>
  • E. krasnojarskensis <small>(Strand, 1903, removed from S of Theridion undulatum)</small> = Enoplognatha serratosignata <small>(L. Koch, 1879)</small>
  • E. mansueta <small>(L. Koch, 1882, T from Theridion)</small> = Enoplognatha mandibularis <small>(Lucas, 1846)</small>
  • E. maritima <small>Simon, 1884</small> = Enoplognatha mordax <small>(Thorell, 1875)</small>
  • E. marmorata <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942</small> = Enoplognatha marmorata <small>(Hentz, 1850)</small>
  • E. militaris <small>Wunderlich, 1995</small> = Enoplognatha latimana <small>Hippa & Oksala, 1982</small>
  • E. mimoides <small>(Chamberlin, 1920)</small> = Enoplognatha marmorata <small>(Hentz, 1850)</small>
  • E. nigrocincta <small>Simon, 1884</small> = Enoplognatha mandibularis <small>(Lucas, 1846)</small>
  • E. pikes <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942</small> = Enoplognatha intrepida <small>(Sørensen, 1898)</small>
  • E. piuta <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942</small> = Enoplognatha joshua <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942</small>
  • E. puritana <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942</small> = Enoplognatha caricis <small>(Fickert, 1876)</small>
  • E. redimita <small>(Linnaeus, 1758, T from Theridion)</small> = Enoplognatha ovata <small>(Clerck, 1757)</small>
  • E. robustula <small>Roewer, 1942</small> = Enoplognatha diversa <small>(Blackwall, 1859)</small>
  • E. rugosa <small>Emerton, 1908</small> = Enoplognatha intrepida <small>(Sørensen, 1898)</small>
  • E. schaufussi <small>(L. Koch, 1882)</small> = Enoplognatha mordax <small>(Thorell, 1875)</small>
  • E. submargarita <small>Yaginuma & Zhu, 1992</small> = Enoplognatha margarita <small>Yaginuma, 1964</small>
  • E. tecta <small>Keyserling, 1884</small> = Enoplognatha caricis <small>(Fickert, 1876)</small>
  • E. thoracicoides <small>Nosek, 1905</small> = Enoplognatha quadripunctata <small>Simon, 1884</small>
  • E. transversifoveata <small>(Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)</small> = Enoplognatha abrupta <small>(Karsch, 1879)</small>

References