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Emphasis mark

The emphasis mark, emphasis dot, or is a typographic mark used in some East Asian languages to indicate emphasis. The markings can take many forms, such as dots or bullets, circles, or triangles. They were more commonly used historically, but with the rise of modern technology, it is now common to use quotation marks or change the font style.

Chinese

In China and Hong Kong, the emphasis mark () is used in textbooks and teaching materials. It is centred under each character highlighted in the horizontal texts, and centred to the right of each character in the vertical texts.

Japanese

In Japan, the emphasis mark ( ' or ') is usually a dot or a sesame dot and is centred above each character in the horizontal texts and to the right of each character in the vertical texts.

It is not unusual for kenten and ruby to concur on the same side of the main text (usually above or to the right).

Korean

In South Korea, the emphasis mark ( ') usually rules as a dot or circle centred above the characters in the horizontal texts and to the right of the characters in the vertical texts.

Examples:

  • using the CSS property:
  • : <span lang=ko>한글의 본 이름은 <span style="text-emphasis: dot; -webkit-text-emphasis: dot;">훈민정음</span>이다</span>.
  • : <span lang=ko>중요한 것은 <span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle;">왜 사느냐가</span> 아니라 <span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle;">어떻게 사느냐</span> 하는 문제이다.</span>
  • using positioned characters: :
  • : <span lang=ko>한글의 본 이름은 •훈•민•정•음이다.</span>
  • : <span lang=ko>중요한 것은 ◦왜 ◦사◦느◦냐◦가 아니라 ◦어◦떻◦게 ◦사◦느◦냐 하는 문제이다.</span>

Vietnamese

In Vietnam, the emphasis mark () was written with various marks such as a dot, circle, or a sesame dot. It is commonly positioned to the right of the character. After Vietnam switched to the Latin alphabet, emphasis marks fell into disuse as bolding, underlining, and italics replaced the usage of emphasis marks.

  • :<span lang="vi"><span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle; text-emphasis-position: under; -webkit-text-emphasis-position: under;">定</span><span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle; text-emphasis-position: under; -webkit-text-emphasis-position: under;">𫜵</span><span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle; text-emphasis-position: under; -webkit-text-emphasis-position: under;">科</span><span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle; text-emphasis-position: under; -webkit-text-emphasis-position: under;">次</span><span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle; text-emphasis-position: under; -webkit-text-emphasis-position: under;">固</span><span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle; text-emphasis-position: under; -webkit-text-emphasis-position: under;">𱺵</span><span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle; text-emphasis-position: under; -webkit-text-emphasis-position: under;">𡗶</span><span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle; text-emphasis-position: under; -webkit-text-emphasis-position: under;">空</span></span> <br/>

Characters

Apart from any single character, the following characters are used as emphasis marks in some implementations.

See also

References