Elwood Township is a township in Vermilion County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,647 and it contained 718 housing units.
Elwood Township was one of the eight townships created in 1851. It was named after the Elwood Meeting House, which had been named for Thomas Ellwood. John Haworth, founder of the Vermilion County Quaker community, likely suggested the name.
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 99.68%) is land and (or 0.32%) is water.
The township contains six cemeteries: Crown Hill, Dalbey, Pilot Grove, Sharon, Shock and Vermilion.