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3 31 honeycomb

In 7-dimensional geometry, the 3<sub>31</sub> honeycomb is a uniform honeycomb, also given by Schläfli symbol {3,3,3,3<sup>3,1</sup>} and is composed of 3<sub>21</sub> and 7-simplex facets, with 56 and 576 of them respectively around each vertex.

Construction

It is created by a Wythoff construction upon a set of 8 hyperplane mirrors in 7-dimensional space.

The facet information can be extracted from its Coxeter-Dynkin diagram.

Removing the node on the short branch leaves the 6-simplex facet:

Removing the node on the end of the 3-length branch leaves the 3<sub>21</sub> facet:

The vertex figure is determined by removing the ringed node and ringing the neighboring node. This makes 2<sub>31</sub> polytope.

The edge figure is determined by removing the ringed node and ringing the neighboring node. This makes 6-demicube (1<sub>31</sub>).

The face figure is determined by removing the ringed node and ringing the neighboring node. This makes rectified 5-simplex (0<sub>31</sub>).

The cell figure is determined by removing the ringed node of the face figure and ringing the neighboring nodes. This makes tetrahedral prism&nbsp;{}&times;{3,3}.

Kissing number

Each vertex of this tessellation is the center of a 6-sphere in the densest known packing in 7 dimensions; its kissing number is 126, represented by the vertices of its vertex figure 2<sub>31</sub>.

E7 lattice

The 3<sub>31</sub> honeycomb's vertex arrangement is called the E<sub>7</sub> lattice.

contains as a subgroup of index 144. Both and can be seen as affine extension from from different nodes:

The E<sub>7</sub> lattice can also be expressed as a union of the vertices of two A<sub>7</sub> lattices, also called A<sub>7</sub><sup>2</sup>:

= ∪

The E<sub>7</sub><sup>*</sup> lattice (also called E<sub>7</sub><sup>2</sup>) has double the symmetry, represented by 3,3<sup>3,3</sup>. The Voronoi cell of the E<sub>7</sub><sup>*</sup> lattice is the 1<sub>32</sub> polytope, and voronoi tessellation the 1<sub>33</sub> honeycomb. The E<sub>7</sub><sup>*</sup> lattice is constructed by 2 copies of the E<sub>7</sub> lattice vertices, one from each long branch of the Coxeter diagram, and can be constructed as the union of four A<sub>7</sub><sup>*</sup> lattices, also called A<sub>7</sub><sup>4</sup>:

∪ = ∪ ∪ ∪ = dual of .

Related honeycombs

It is in a dimensional series of uniform polytopes and honeycombs, expressed by Coxeter as 3<sub>k1</sub> series. A degenerate 4-dimensional case exists as 3-sphere tiling, a tetrahedral hosohedron.

See also

References

  • H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 1973, 3rd edition, Dover, New York,
  • Coxeter The Beauty of Geometry: Twelve Essays, Dover Publications, 1999, Chapter 3: Wythoff's Construction for Uniform Polytopes,
  • Kaleidoscopes: Selected Writings of H.S.M. Coxeter, edited by F. Arthur Sherk, Peter McMullen, Anthony C. Thompson, Asia Ivic Weiss, Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1995, wiley.com, , GoogleBook
  • (Paper 24) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes III, [Math. Zeit. 200 (1988) 3–45]
  • R. T. Worley, The Voronoi Region of E7*. SIAM J. Discrete Math., 1.1 (1988), 134–141.
  • pp. 124–125, §8.2 The 7-dimensional lattices: E7 and E7*