Dương Tam Kha

DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng Tam Kha () or DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng Tam Ca, formally King BÃÂ¬nh of DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng (), later known as the Duke of ChÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng (Ã§Â«Â Ã©ÂÂ½Ã¥ÂÂ¬) (died 10 August 980), was king of the NgÃÂ´ dynasty from 944 to 950.

Early years

DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng Tam Kha was one of DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng ÃÂÃÂ¬nh NghÃ¡Â»Â's sons, brother of NgÃÂ´ QuyÃ¡Â»Ân's wife, empress DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng. According to ÃÂÃ¡ÂºÂ¡i ViÃ¡Â»Ât sÃ¡Â»Â lÃÂ°Ã¡Â»Â£c (History annals of Dai Viet), his birth name was DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng ChÃ¡Â»Â§ TÃÂ°Ã¡Â»Âng (), but according to History of Song, his name was DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng ThiÃ¡Â»Âu HÃ¡Â»Âng (). Some historians claimed that he was the third son of DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng ÃÂÃÂ¬nh NghÃ¡Â»Â, after DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng NhÃ¡ÂºÂ¥t Kha and DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng NhÃ¡Â»Â Kha.

As a subordinate general

He was a subordinate general of KhÃÂºc HÃ¡ÂºÂ¡o in the area of Aizhou (now Thanh HÃÂ³a Province). In 931, DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng ÃÂÃÂ¬nh NghÃ¡Â»Â defeated Southern Han ruler Li Tian, retook the capital of ÃÂÃ¡ÂºÂ¡i La (former name of Hanoi), proclaimed himself Jiedushi (equivalent to Military governor) of TÃÂ©nh HÃ¡ÂºÂ£i quÃÂ¢n. DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng Tam Kha became a subordinate general of his father.

Six years later, KiÃ¡Â»Âu CÃÂ´ng TiÃ¡Â»Ân, also a general of DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng ÃÂÃÂ¬nh NghÃ¡Â»Â, mutinied and killed his master in order to become governor of Jinghao. In 938, NgÃÂ´ QuyÃ¡Â»Ân, son-in-law and also former general of DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng ÃÂÃÂ¬nh NghÃ¡Â»Â defeated the potency of KiÃ¡Â»Âu CÃÂ´ng TiÃ¡Â»Ân and also killed him. After that, DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng Tam Kha follow NgÃÂ´ QuyÃ¡Â»Ân as his general.

As the NgÃÂ´ QuyÃ¡Â»Ân march his forces to ÃÂÃ¡ÂºÂ¡i La, KiÃ¡Â»Âu CÃÂ´ng TiÃ¡Â»Ân sent the envoys to Southern Han to petition for sending army to help himself. Emperor of Southern Han, Liu Yan, commissioned his son, Liu Hongcao to help KiÃ¡Â»Âu CÃÂ´ng TiÃ¡Â»Ân, he also led another army to supply his son. But CÃÂ´ng TiÃ¡Â»Ân was executed before this army arrived. In the November 938, at the Battle of BÃ¡ÂºÂ¡ch ÃÂÃ¡ÂºÂ±ng, the fleet was defeated by NgÃÂ´ QuyÃ¡Â»Ân, Liu Hongcao was killed in battle. DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng Tam Kha participated in this battle.

Mutiny and accession

In 944, before his death, NgÃÂ´ QuyÃ¡Â»Ân had DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng Tam Kha become regent for his son, NgÃÂ´ XÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng NgÃ¡ÂºÂp. But after the demise of NgÃÂ´ QuyÃ¡Â»Ân, he forced his maternal nephew to abdicate and installed himself as king, calling himself DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng BÃÂ¬nh VÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng (King Ping of Yang). NgÃÂ´ XÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng NgÃ¡ÂºÂp fled to TrÃÂ HÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng village (modern HÃ¡ÂºÂ£i DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng Province) and was hidden by a chieftain (HÃÂ o trÃÂ°Ã¡Â»Âng) of area named PhÃ¡ÂºÂ¡m LÃ¡Â»Ânh CÃÂ´ng. HÃÂ o trÃÂ°Ã¡Â»Âng is a title for a honored man who is leader of his kin and also of a large area around his base during early independent Vietnam. Thanks to his efforts, NgÃÂ´ XÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng NgÃ¡ÂºÂp was in safety. Afterward, DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng Tam Kha adopted NgÃÂ´ XÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng VÃÂn, the second son of NgÃÂ´ QuyÃ¡Â»Ân. During his reign, prospered economically and freely developed its own regional culture that continues to this day. He developed the coastal kingdom's agriculture, built seawalls, expanded crops in HÃÂ TÃÂ¢y, dredged rivers and lakes, and encouraged sea transport and trade in Nam ÃÂÃ¡Â»Ânh.

In 950, DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng Tam Kha forced NgÃÂ´ XÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng VÃÂn to quell the rebellion of two villages ÃÂÃÂ°Ã¡Â»Âng and NguyÃ¡Â»Ân in ThÃÂ¡i BÃÂ¬nh Province, but he turned his army to dethrone DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng Tam Kha. Although DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng Tam Kha dethroned his brother after the death of his father, NgÃÂ´ XÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng VÃÂn spared, but degraded him to Duke of ChÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng.

Later years

He spent his later years reclaiming new land called Giao ThÃ¡Â»Â§y (Nam ÃÂÃ¡Â»Ânh) with his family and followers. Some historic evidence showed that he was the father of Empress DÃÂ°ÃÂ¡ng VÃÂ¢n Nga who married ÃÂinh BÃ¡Â»Â LÃÂ©nh in 966. She would eventually become the last ruler of the ÃÂinh family who would rule as dowager empress in her son's name, eventually giving rise to the LÃÂª family through her marriage to LÃÂª HoÃÂ n in 980.

Dương Tam Kha

Early years

As a subordinate general

Mutiny and accession

Later years

Family

References