The Dukes of Swabia were the rulers of the Duchy of Swabia during the Middle Ages. Swabia was one of the five stem duchies of the medieval German kingdom, and its dukes were thus among the most powerful magnates of Germany. The most notable family to rule Swabia was the Hohenstaufen family, who held it, with a brief interruption, from 1079 until 1268. For much of that period, the Hohenstaufen were also Holy Roman Emperors. With the death of Conradin, the last Duke of Hohenstaufen, the duchy itself disintegrated although King Rudolf I attempted to revive it for his Habsburg family in the late 13th century.
| Frederick I<br>1079–1105<br>|| ||1050<br>son of Frederick of Büren and Hildegard of Egisheim||Agnes of Germany<br>1089<br>11 children<br>|| 21 July 1105<br>aged 54 or 55 |- | Frederick II the One-Eyed<br>1105–1147<br>|| ||1090<br>son of Frederick I and Agnes of Germany || Judith of Bavaria<br>1121<br>2 children<br>Agnes of Saarbrücken<br>c.1132<br>2 children<br> || 6 April 1147<br>aged 56 or 57 |- | Frederick III Barbarossa<br>1147–1152<br>|| ||1122<br>son of Frederick II and Judith of Bavaria || Adelheid of Vohburg<br>2 March 1147<br>Eger<br>no children<br>Beatrice of Burgundy<br>9 June 1156<br>Würzburg<br>12 children<br> || 10 June 1190<br>aged 67 or 68 |- | Frederick IV<br>1152–1167<br>|| ||1145<br>son of Conrad III of Germany and Gertrude von Sulzbach || Gertrude of Bavaria<br>1166<br>no children<br>|| 19 August 1167<br>Rome<br>aged 21 or 22 |- | Frederick V<br>1167–1170<br>||||16 July 1164<br>Pavia<br>son of Frederick III and Beatrice of Burgundy ||<br>unmarried<br>|| 28 November 1170<br>aged 6 |- | Frederick VI<br>1170–1191<br>|| ||February 1167<br>Modigliana<br>son of Frederick III and Beatrice of Burgundy ||<br>unmarried<br>|| 20 January 1191<br>Acre<br>aged 24 |- | Conrad II<br>1191–1196<br>|| ||February or March 1173<br>son of Frederick III and Beatrice of Burgundy ||<br>unmarried<br>|| 15 August 1196<br>Durlach<br>aged 23 |- | Philip<br>1196–1208<br>|| ||August 1177<br>son of Frederick III and Beatrice of Burgundy ||Irene Angelina<br>25 May 1197<br>4 children<br>||21 June 1208<br>Bamberg<br>aged 30 |- |align="center" colspan="7"|Vacancy: 1208-1212 |- | Frederick VII<br>1212–1216<br>|| ||26 December 1194<br>Jesi<br>son of Henry I and Constance of Sicily||Constance of Aragon<br>15 August 1209<br>1 child<br><br>Isabella II of Jerusalem<br>9 November 1225<br>2 children<br><br>Isabella of England<br>15 July 1235<br>4 children|| 13 December 1250<br>Torremaggiore<br>aged 55 |- | Henry II<br>1216–1235<br>|| || 1211<br>Sicily<br>son of Frederick I and Constance of Aragon ||Margaret<br>29 November 1225<br>2 children|| 12 February 1242<br>Martirano<br>aged 30 |- | Conrad III<br>1235–1254 || ||25 April 1228<br>Andria<br>son of Frederick I and Isabella II of Jerusalem ||Elisabeth of Bavaria<br>1 September 1246<br>1 child|| 21 May 1254<br>Lavello<br>aged 26 |- | Conrad IV the Younger<br>1254–1268|| ||25 March 1252<br>Wolfstein<br>son of Conrad I and Elisabeth of Bavaria ||never married||29 October 1268<br>Naples<br>aged 16<br>(executed) |-
In the 13th century, the Duchy of Swabia disintegrated into numerous smaller states. Some of the more important immediate successor states were:
During the following century, several of these states were acquired by the County of Württemberg or the Duchy of Austria, as marked above. In 1803 Bavarian Swabia was annexed by Bavaria and shortly afterwards became part of the Kingdom of Bavaria.