The Duchy of Kalisz was a feudal district duchy in Greater Poland, with its territorial and administrative core in the Kalisz Land â the region surrounding the city of Kalisz. Its capital was Kalisz. The duchy was established in 1177, following the partition of the Duchy of Greater Poland after a rebellion against Mieszko III. Duke Casimir II the Just of the Piast dynasty became its first ruler.
Initially, Kalisz remained a fiefdom within the broader Duchy of Poland â a term commonly applied to the fragmented realm, which some sources continue to refer to as the Kingdom of Poland â until 1227, when Kalisz gained independence as a duchy. It existed in this form until 1279, when it was united with the duchies of Gniezno and Poznaà  under the rule of Przemysà  II, forming a reconstituted Duchy of Greater Poland.
Andrzej WÃÂdzki, Kalisz w paà Âstwie wczesnopiastowskim i w okresie rozbicia dzielnicowego. In: Wà Âadysà Âaw Rusià Âski (redactor), Dzieje Kalisza. Poznaà Â: Wydawnictwo Poznaà Âskie, 1977.