Dactylorhiza romana, the Roman dactylorhiza, is a species of orchid. It is native to the Mediterranean Region of southern Europe and northern Africa, the range extending eastward to Iran and Turkmenistan.
Three subspecies are recognized:
- Dactylorhiza romana subsp. georgica <small>(Klinge) Soó ex Renz & Taubenheim</small> - Turkey, Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia (country), Azerbaijan, southern Russia), Iran, Turkmenistan
- Dactylorhiza romana subsp. guimaraesii <small>(E.G.Camus) H.A.Pedersen</small> - Spain, Portugal, Algeria, Morocco
- Dactylorhiza romana subsp. romana - Italy, Greece, the Balkans, Turkey, Crimea, Cyprus, Lebanon, Syria
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