Cythara is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.
This name is considered a nomen dubium. Hedley (1922: 260) and Powell (1966: 109) summarized the arguments against using the earlier name Cythara Schumacher, 1817, with much uncertainty regarding the identity of its type species, against Eucythara Fischer, 1883. The name has also been used by European authors (e.g. Knudsen, 1952; Nordsieck, 1977) for species classified now in Mangelia Risso, 1826.
Description
The tropical shell is relatively large. It is columbelliform and longitudinally costellated. The spire is short. The aperture is narrow and elongated. The outer lip is denticulated within. The columellar lip is striated.
The margin of the mantle is slightly dilated on the right side.
The shell is fusiform, smooth and longitudinally plicated or ribbed. The aperture is linear, posteriorly subemarginate. The siphonal canal is very short and nearly straight. The columella is subflexuous and transversely striated. The inner lip is posteriorly callous. The outer lip is margined, denticulate, or striated internally.
Species
Species within the genus Cythara include:
- Cythara strigata <small>Pease, 1863</small> (taxon inquirendum): probably a synonym of Cythara paucicostata <small>Pease, 1867</small>
- â Cythara anthera <small>J. Gardner, 1937</small>
- â Cythara caimitica <small>Maury 1917</small>
- Cythara citharoedus <small>(Holten, H.S., 1802)</small>
- Cythara coniformis <small>(Gray, J.E. & G.B. Sowerby II, 1839)</small>
- Cythara diconus <small>O. Böttger, 1895</small>
- Cythara glareosa <small>Gould, A.A., 1860</small>
- Cythara hanleyi <small>(Dunker, R.W., 1888)</small>
- Cythara milia <small>(Philippi, R.A., 1851)</small>
- Cythara oriza <small>(Hinds, R.B., 1843)</small>
- Cythara paucicostata <small>(Pease, W.H., 1867)</small>
- â Cythara polygona <small>Gabb 1873</small>
- Cythara striata <small>Schumacher, 1817</small> (nomen dubium)
- Cythara thapsiae <small>Oberling, 1970</small> (nomen dubium)
- Cythara thetis <small>Turton, W.H., 1932</small>
- Cythara triticea <small>Kiener, L.C., 1840</small>
Species brought into synonymy
- Cythara abyssicola <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>: synonym of Eucithara vittata <small>(Hinds, 1843)</small>
- Cythara adansoni <small>Knudsen, 1952</small>: synonym of Mangelia adansoni <small>(Knudsen, 1952)</small>
- Cythara africana <small>(G. B. Sowerby III, 1903)</small>: synonym of Citharomangelia africana <small>(G. B. Sowerby III, 1903)</small>
- Cythara alfredi <small>(E. A. Smith, 1904)</small>: synonym of Pseudorhaphitoma alfredi <small>(E. A. Smith, 1904)</small>
- Cythara altenai <small>Brackman, 1938</small>: synonym of Mangelia costulata <small>Risso, 1826</small>
- Cythara amplexa <small>(Gould, 1860)</small>: synonym of Guraleus amplexus <small>(Gould, 1860)</small>
- Cythara angiostoma <small>Pease, 1868</small>: synonym of Eucithara angiostoma <small>(Pease, 1868)</small>
- Cythara angulata <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>: synonym of Leiocithara angulata <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>
- Cythara angulosa <small>E.A. Smith, 1871</small>: synonym of Anacithara angulosa <small>(E.A. Smith, 1871)</small>
- Cythara articulata <small>G.B. Sowerby III, 1894</small>: synonym of Eucithara articulata <small>(G.B. Sowerby III, 1894)</small>
- Cythara atlantidea <small>Knudsen, 1952</small>: synonym of Bela atlantidea <small>(Knudsen, 1952)</small>
- Cythara attenuata <small>(Montagu, 1803)</small>: synonym of Mangelia attenuata <small>(Montagu, 1803)</small>
- â Cythara barbadoides <small>Gardner, 1938</small>: synonym of â Mangelia barbadoides <small>J. Gardner, 1938</small>
- Cythara bartlettii <small>(Dall, 1889)</small>: synonym of Tenaturris bartlettii <small>(Dall, 1889)</small>
- Cythara bicolor <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>: synonym of Eucithara bicolor <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>
- Cythara callosa <small>Nordsieck, 1977</small>: synonym of Mangelia callosa <small>(Nordsieck, 1977)</small>
- Cythara capillacea <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>: synonym of Eucithara capillacea <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>
- Cythara chionea <small>Melvill, J.C. & R. Standen, 1899</small>: synonym of Eucithara coronata <small>(Hinds, 1843)</small>
- Cythara citharella <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>: synonym of Cythara striata <small>Schumacher, 1817</small>
- Cythara citharella <small>Smith, 1876</small>: synonym of Eucithara lyra <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>
- Cythara compacta <small>Nordsieck, 1977</small> (nomen dubium, original combination): synonym of Rissomangelia compacta <small>(Nordsieck, 1977)</small> (nomen dubium)
- Cythara congoensis <small>Thiele, J., 1925</small>: synonym of Mangelia congoensis <small>Thiele, 1925</small>
- Cythara cylindrica <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>: synonym of Gingicithara cylindrica <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>
- Cythara cylindrica <small>E.A. Smith, 1884</small>: synonym of Gingicithara lyrica <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>
- Cythara dagama <small>Barnard, 1963</small>: synonym of Gymnobela dagama <small>(Barnard, 1963)</small>
- Cythara dautzenbergi <small>Knudsen, 1952</small>: synonym of Gymnobela dautzenbergi <small>(Knudsen, 1952)</small>
- Cythara debilis <small>Pease, 1868</small>: synonym of Eucithara debilis <small>(Pease, 1868)</small>
- Cythara decussata <small>Pease, 1868</small>: synonym of Eucithara decussata <small>(Pease, 1868)</small>
- Cythara derelicta <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>: synonym of Mangelia unifasciata <small>(Deshayes, 1835)</small>
- Cythara dubiosa <small>Nevill & Nevill, 1875</small>: synonym of Eucithara dubiosa <small>(Nevill & Nevill, 1875)</small>
- Cythara duplaris <small>Melvill, 1923</small>: synonym of Eucithara duplaris <small>(Melvill, 1923)</small>
- Cythara edithae <small>Melvill & Standen, 1901</small>: synonym of Eucithara edithae <small>(Melvill & Standen, 1901)</small>
- Cythara elegantissima <small>Melvill & Standen, 1903</small>: synonym of Paraclathurella gracilenta <small>(Reeve, 1843)</small>
- Cythara farina <small>Nordsieck, 1977</small>: synonym of Mangelia farina <small>(Nordsieck, 1977)</small>
- Cythara fasciata <small>Reeve, L.A., 1846</small>: synonym of Eucithara fasciata <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>
- Cythara glaucocreas <small>Barnard, 1963</small>: synonym of Gymnobela glaucocreas <small>(Barnard, 1963)</small>
- Cythara gradata <small>Nevill & Nevill, 1875</small>: synonym of Eucithara gradata <small>(Nevill & Nevill, 1875)</small>
- Cythara grisea <small>Nordsieck, 1977</small>: synonym of Mangelia grisea <small>(Nordsieck, 1977)</small>
- Cythara guentheri <small>G.B. Sowerby III, 1893</small>: synonym of Eucithara guentheri <small>(G.B. Sowerby III, 1893)</small>
- Cythara guestieri <small>S.M. Souverbie in S.M. Souverbie & R.P. Montrouzier, 1872</small>: synonym of Eucithara novaehollandiae <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>
- Cythara ima <small>Bartsch, 1915</small>: synonym of Haedropleura ima <small>(Bartsch, 1915)</small>
- Cythara interstriata <small>Smith E. A., 1876</small>: synonym of Eucithara interstriata <small>(Smith E. A., 1876)</small>
- Cythara isseli <small>Nevill & Nevill, 1875</small>: synonym of Eucithara isseli <small>(Nevill & Nevill, 1875)</small>
- Cythara kingensis <small>(Petterd, 1879)</small>: synonym of Antiguraleus kingensis <small>(Petterd, 1879)</small>
- Cythara lota <small>Gould, 1860</small>: synonym of Eucithara lota <small>(Gould, 1860)</small>
- Cythara lyrica <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>: synonym of Gingicithara lyrica <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>
- Cythara maccoyi <small>Petterd, 1879</small>: synonym of Guraleus tasmanicus <small>(Tenison-Woods, 1876)</small>
- Cythara metadata <small>Brazier, 1876</small>: synonym of Eucithara alacris <small>Hedley, 1922</small>
- Cythara merlini <small>(Dautzenberg, 1910)</small>: synonym of Agathotoma merlini <small>(Dautzenberg, 1910)</small>
- Cythara metria <small>Dall, 1903</small>: synonym of Vitricythara metria <small>(Dall, 1903)</small>
- Cythara nevilliana <small>Preston, 1904</small>: synonym of Eucithara nevilliana <small>(Preston, 1904)</small>
- Cythara optabilis <small>G. B. Sowerby III, 1907</small>: synonym of Eucithara coronata <small>(Hinds, 1843)</small>
- Cythara ossea <small>Nordsieck, 1968</small>: synonym of Mangelia ossea <small>(Nordsieck, 1968)</small>
- Cythara paciniana: synonym of Mangelia paciniana <small>(Calcara, 1839)</small>
- Cythara pallaryi <small>Nordsieck, 1977</small>: synonym of Mangiliella pallaryi <small>(Nordsieck, 1977)</small>: synonym of Mangelia pallaryi <small>(Nordsieck, 1977)</small>
- Cythara pellucida <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>: synonym of Citharomangelia pellucida <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>
- Cythara pessulata <small>Brazier, 1876</small>: synonym of Eucithara celebensis <small>(Hinds, 1843)</small>
- Cythara psalterium <small>J.C. Melvill & R. Standen, 1896</small>: synonym of Eucithara coronata <small>(R.B. Hinds, 1843)</small>
- Cythara pusilla <small>Pease, 1860</small>: synonym of Eucithara pusilla <small>(Pease, 1860)</small>
- Cythara quadrilineata <small>G.B. Sowerby III, 1913</small>: synonym of Citharomangelia quadrilineata <small>(G.B. Sowerby III, 1913)</small>
- Cythara ringens <small>G.B. Sowerby III, 1893</small>: synonym of Eucithara ringens <small>(G.B. Sowerby III, 1893)</small>
- Cythara stosiciana <small>(Brusina, 1869)</small>: synonym of Mangelia stosiciana <small>Brusina, 1869</small>
- Cythara striatissima <small>G.B. Sowerby III, 1907</small>: synonym of Eucithara striatissima <small>(G.B. Sowerby III, 1907)</small>
- Cythara tasmanica <small>Tenison-Woods, 1876</small>: synonym of Guraleus tasmanicus <small>(Tenison-Woods, 1876)</small>
- Cythara typhonota <small>Melvill & Standen, 1901</small>: synonym of Eucithara typhonota <small>(Melvill & Standen, 1901)</small>
- Cythara unilineata <small>Smith E. A., 1876</small>: synonym of Eucithara unilineata <small>(Smith E. A., 1876)</small>
- Cythara varia <small>Pease, 1860</small>: synonym of Seminella peasei <small>(Martens & Langkavel, 1871)</small>
- Cythara varicosa <small>Nordsieck, 1973</small>: synonym of Mangiliella varicosa <small>(Nordsieck, 1973)</small>
- Cythara vittata <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>: synonym of Eucithara abyssicola <small>(Reeve, 1846)</small>
- Cythara waterhousei <small>E. A. Smith, 1884</small>: synonym of Eucithara coronata <small>(Hinds, 1843)</small>
References
External links