Cynoglossus is a genus of fish in the family Cynoglossidae. Most species are indigenous to the Indo-Pacific region, but there are also a few in warmer parts of the East Atlantic. They are commonly found in shallow waters on a muddy or sandy bottom, including estuaries and a few species are restricted to fresh water. One species Cynoglossus sinusarabici has invaded the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal from the Red Sea, a process known as Lessepsian or Erythrean migration.
Species
There are currently 67 recognized species in this genus:
- Cynoglossus brachycephalus <small>Bleeker, 1870</small>
- Cynoglossus broadhursti <small>Waite, 1905</small> (Southern tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus browni <small>Chabanaud, 1949</small> (Nigerian tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus cadenati <small>Chabanaud, 1947</small> (Ghanaian tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus canariensis <small>Steindachner, 1882</small> (Canary tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus capensis <small>(Kaup, 1858)</small> (Sand tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus carpenteri <small>Alcock, 1889</small> (Hooked tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus crepida <small>Fricke, Golani & Appelbaum-Golani, 2017</small>, (Bluntnose deepwater tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus cynoglossus <small>(F. Hamilton, 1822)</small> (Bengal tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus dispar <small>F. Day, 1877</small> (Round-head tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus dollfusi <small>(Chabanaud, 1931)</small>
- Cynoglossus dubius <small>F. Day, 1873</small> (Carrot tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus durbanensis <small>Regan, 1921</small> (Durban tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus feldmanni <small>(Bleeker, 1854)</small> (River tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus gilchristi <small>Regan, 1920</small> (Ripple-fin tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus gracilis <small>Günther, 1873</small>
- Cynoglossus heterolepis <small>M. C. W. Weber, 1910</small> (Freshwater tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus interruptus <small>Günther, 1880</small> (Genko tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus itinus <small>(Snyder, 1909)</small>
- Cynoglossus joyneri <small>Günther, 1878</small> (Red tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus kapuasensis <small>Fowler, 1905</small>
- Cynoglossus kopsii <small>(Bleeker, 1851)</small> (Short-headed tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus lachneri <small>Menon, 1977</small> (Lachner's tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus lida <small>(Bleeker, 1851)</small> (Rough-scale tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus lighti <small>Norman, 1925</small>
- Cynoglossus lineolatus <small>Steindachner, 1867</small>
- Cynoglossus lingua <small>F. Hamilton, 1822</small> (Long tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus maccullochi <small>Norman, 1926</small>
- Cynoglossus macrolepidotus <small>(Bleeker, 1851)</small>
- Cynoglossus macrophthalmus <small>Norman, 1926</small> (Big-eyed tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus macrostomus <small>Norman, 1928</small> (Malabar tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus maculipinnis <small>Rendahl (), 1921</small>
- Cynoglossus marleyi <small>Regan, 1921</small>
- Cynoglossus melampetalus <small>(J. Richardson, 1846)</small>
- Cynoglossus microlepis <small>(Bleeker, 1851)</small> (Small-scale tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus monodi <small>Chabanaud, 1949</small> (Guinean tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus monopus <small>(Bleeker, 1849)</small>
- Cynoglossus nanhaiensis <small>Z. M. Wang, Munroe & X. Y. Kong, 2016</small> (Nanhai tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus nigropinnatus <small>Ochiai, 1963</small>
- Cynoglossus ochiaii <small>Yokogawa, Endo & Sakaji, 2008</small>
- Cynoglossus ogilbyi <small>Norman, 1926</small>
- Cynoglossus oligolepis <small>(Bleeker, 1855)</small>
- Cynoglossus pottii <small>Steindachner, 1902</small>
- Cynoglossus praecisus <small>Alcock, 1890</small>
- Cynoglossus puncticeps <small>(J. Richardson, 1846)</small> (Speckled tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus purpureomaculatus <small>Regan, 1905</small>
- Cynoglossus quadrilineatus <small>(Bleeker, 1851)</small> (Four-lined tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus quadriocellatus <small> R. Fricke, 2020</small>
- Cynoglossus robustus <small>Günther, 1873</small>
- Cynoglossus roulei <small>H. W. Wu, 1932</small>
- Cynoglossus sealarki <small>Regan, 1908</small>
- Cynoglossus semifasciatus <small>F. Day, 1877</small> (Bengal tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus semilaevis <small>Günther, 1873</small> (Tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus senegalensis <small>(Kaup, 1858)</small> (Senegalese tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus sibogae <small>M. C. W. Weber, 1913</small>
- Cynoglossus sinicus <small>H. W. Wu, 1932</small>
- Cynoglossus sinusarabici <small>(Chabanaud, 1931)</small> (Red Sea tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus suyeni <small>Fowler, 1934</small>
- Cynoglossus trigrammus <small>Günther, 1862</small>
- Cynoglossus trulla <small>(Cantor, 1849)</small> (Macau tongue sole)
- Cynoglossus versicolor <small>Alcock, 1890</small>
- Cynoglossus waandersii <small>(Bleeker, 1854)</small>
- Cynoglossus xiphoideus <small>Günther, 1862</small>
- Cynoglossus zanzibarensis <small>Norman, 1939</small> (Zanzibar tongue sole)
References