Cyclosa, also called trashline orbweavers, is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Anton Menge in 1866. Widely distributed worldwide, spiders of the genus Cyclosa build relatively small orb webs with a web decoration. The web decoration in Cyclosa spiders is often linear and includes prey remains and other debris, which probably serve to camouflage the spider. However, some tropical species, including C. longicauda in Peru, construct highly complex, non-linear stabilimenta that resemble the silhouette of a much larger orb-weaving spider. This specific decoy strategy is hypothesized to serve as an advanced anti-predator defense by visual mimicry. The name "Cyclosa" comes from Greek 'to move in a circle', referring to how it spins its web.
While most orb-web spiders face downwards in their web when waiting for prey, some Cyclosa species (e.g. C. ginnaga and C. argenteoalba) face upwards.
Species
, this genus includes 178 species and two subspecies:
- Cyclosa alayoni <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Cuba, Puerto Rico
- Cyclosa alba <small>, 1992</small> â Japan
- Cyclosa albisternis <small>Simon, 1888</small> â India, (mainland, Andaman Is.), Introduced to Hawaii
- Cyclosa albopunctata <small>KulczyÃ
Âski, 1901</small> â Eritrea, Indonesia (New Guinea), New Caledonia
- Cyclosa algerica <small>Simon, 1885</small> â Portugal, Spain, France, Algeria, Tunisia, Italy (Sicily), Greece, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iran
- Cyclosa anatipes <small>(Keyserling, 1887)</small> â Australia (Queensland), Palau
- Cyclosa andinas <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Colombia, Ecuador
- Cyclosa angusta <small>Tanikawa, 1992</small> â Japan
- Cyclosa anjing <small>Mi, Wang & Li, 2024</small> â China
- Cyclosa apoblepta <small>(Rainbow, 1916)</small> â Australia (Queensland)
- Cyclosa argentaria <small>(Rainbow, 1916)</small> â Australia (Queensland)
- Cyclosa argentata <small>Tanikawa & Ono, 1993</small> â Taiwan
- Cyclosa argenteoalba <small> & Strand, 1906</small> â Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, Russia, (Far East)
- Cyclosa atrata <small>Bösenberg & Strand, 1906</small> â China, Korea, Japan, Russia, (Far East)
- Cyclosa baakea <small>Barrion & , 1995</small> â Philippines
- Cyclosa bacilliformis <small>Simon, 1908</small> â Australia (Western Australia)
- Cyclosa banawensis <small>Barrion & Litsinger, 1995</small> â Philippines
- Cyclosa berlandi <small>Levi, 1999</small> â United States, Hispaniola, Ecuador
- Cyclosa bianchoria <small>Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990</small> â China
- Cyclosa bifida <small>(Doleschall, 1859)</small> â India, Philippines and Indonesia (New Guinea)
- Cyclosa bifurcata <small>(Walckenaer, 1841)</small> â Costa Rica, Hispaniola, Argentina
- Cyclosa bihamata <small>F. Zhang, M. S. Zhang & Zhu, 2010</small> â China
- Cyclosa bilobata <small>Sen, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2012</small> â India
- Cyclosa bituberculata <small>Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998</small> â Bangladesh
- Cyclosa bulla <small>Tanikawa & Petcharad, 2018</small> â Thailand, Singapore, Brunei
- Cyclosa bulleri <small>(Thorell, 1881)</small> â Papua New Guinea
- Cyclosa cajamarca <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Peru
- Cyclosa caligata <small>(Thorell, 1890)</small> â Indonesia (Sumatra)
- Cyclosa camargoi <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Brazil
- Cyclosa camelodes <small>(Thorell, 1878)</small> â Seychelles, Indonesia (New Guinea)
- Cyclosa caroli <small>(Hentz, 1850)</small> â United States, Caribbean, Bolivia
- Cyclosa centrifaciens <small>Hingston, 1927</small> â Myanmar
- Cyclosa centrodes <small>(Thorell, 1887)</small> â India, Singapore
- Cyclosa cephalodina <small>Song & Liu, 1996</small> â China
- Cyclosa chichawatniensis <small>Mukhtar & Mushtaq, 2005</small> â Pakistan
- Cyclosa circumlucens <small>Simon, 1907</small> â Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and PrÃÂncipe
- Cyclosa concolor <small>Caporiacco, 1933</small> â Libya
- Cyclosa confraga <small>(Thorell, 1893)</small> â Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Singapore, Vietnam
- Cyclosa confusa <small>Bösenberg & Strand, 1906</small> â China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
- Cyclosa conica <small>(Pallas, 1772)</small> â North America, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia, China. Introduced to South Africa (type species)
- Cyclosa conigera <small>F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904</small> â Mexico, Honduras
- Cyclosa coylei <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Mexico, Guatemala
- Cyclosa cucurbitoria <small>(Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990)</small> â China, Thailand
- Cyclosa cucurbitula <small>Simon, 1900</small> â Hawaii
- Cyclosa curiraba <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Bolivia
- Cyclosa cylindrata <small>Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995</small> â China
- Cyclosa cylindrifaciens <small>Hingston, 1927</small> â Myanmar
- Cyclosa damingensis <small>Xie, Yin & Kim, 1995</small> â China
- Cyclosa daodai <small>Mi, Wang & Li, 2024</small> â China
- Cyclosa deserticola <small>, 1998</small> â Egypt, Israel
- Cyclosa dianasilvae <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Ecuador, Peru
- Cyclosa diversa <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894)</small> â Mexico, Cuba, Argentina
- Cyclosa dives <small>Simon, 1877</small> â China, Philippines
- Cyclosa donking <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Bolivia
- Cyclosa dosbukolea <small>Barrion & Litsinger, 1995</small> â Philippines
- Cyclosa durango <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Mexico
- Cyclosa elongata <small>Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998</small> â Bangladesh
- Cyclosa espumoso <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Brazil
- Cyclosa fililineata <small>Hingston, 1932</small> â Panama, Argentina
- Cyclosa formosa <small>Karsch, 1879</small> â West Africa
- Cyclosa formosana <small>Tanikawa & Ono, 1993</small> â Taiwan
- Cyclosa ginnaga <small>Yaginuma, 1959</small> â Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan
- Cyclosa gossypiata <small>Keswani, 2013</small> â India
- Cyclosa groppalii <small>Pesarini, 1998</small> â Spain (incl. Balearic Is.), Greece (Crete)
- Cyclosa gulinensis <small>Xie, Yin & Kim, 1995</small> â China
- Cyclosa haiti <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico (Mona Is.)
- Cyclosa hamulata <small>Tanikawa, 1992</small> â Russia (Far East), Japan
- Cyclosa hexatuberculata <small>Tikader, 1982</small> â Pakistan, India
- Cyclosa huila <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Colombia
- Cyclosa imias <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Cuba
- Cyclosa inca <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Colombia, Peru, Argentina
- Cyclosa informis <small>Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995</small> â China
- Cyclosa insulana <small>(Costa, 1834)</small> â Mediterranean, Japan, India, Papua New Guinea, Australia, St. Helena, South Africa, Eswatini
- Cyclosa ipilea <small>Barrion & Litsinger, 1995</small> â Philippines
- Cyclosa jalapa <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Mexico
- Cyclosa japonica <small>Bösenberg & Strand, 1906</small> â Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
- Cyclosa jose <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Costa Rica
- Cyclosa kashmirica <small>Caporiacco, 1934</small> â Pakistan (Karakorum)
- Cyclosa kibonotensis <small>Tullgren, 1910</small> â Central, East Africa, Seychelles
- Cyclosa koi <small>Tanikawa & Ono, 1993</small> â Taiwan
- Cyclosa krusa <small>Barrion & Litsinger, 1995</small> â Pakistan, India, Philippines
- Cyclosa kumadai <small>Tanikawa, 1992</small> â Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan
- Cyclosa laticauda <small>Bösenberg & Strand, 1906</small> â China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
- Cyclosa lawrencei <small>Caporiacco, 1949</small> â Kenya
- Cyclosa libertad <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Ecuador, Peru
- Cyclosa lichensis <small>(Rainbow, 1916)</small> â Australia (Queensland)
- Cyclosa litoralis <small>(L. Koch, 1867)</small> â Vanuatu, Samoa, Fiji, Tahiti
- Cyclosa longicauda <small>(Taczanowski, 1878)</small> â Colombia, Peru, Argentina
- Cyclosa longquan <small>Mi, Wang & Li, 2024</small> â China
- Cyclosa machadinho <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Brazil, Argentina
- Cyclosa maderiana <small>KulczyÃ
Âski, 1899</small> â Madeira, Canary Islands
- Cyclosa maritima <small>Tanikawa, 1992</small> â Japan
- Cyclosa mavaca <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Colombia, Venezuela
- Cyclosa meruensis <small>Tullgren, 1910</small> â Tanzania
- Cyclosa micula <small>(Thorell, 1893)</small> â India, Singapore
- Cyclosa minora <small>Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995</small> â China
- Cyclosa mocoa <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Colombia
- Cyclosa mohini <small>Dyal, 1935</small> â Pakistan
- Cyclosa monteverde <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Costa Rica, Panama
- Cyclosa monticola <small>Bösenberg & Strand, 1906</small> â China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Russia, (Far East)
- Cyclosa moonduensis <small>Tikader, 1963</small> â India
- Cyclosa morretes <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Brazil
- Cyclosa mulmeinensis <small>(Thorell, 1887)</small> â Asia (without Russia)
- Cyclosa neilensis <small>Tikader, 1977</small> â India
- Cyclosa nevada <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Colombia
- Cyclosa nigra <small>Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990</small> â China, Vietnam
- Cyclosa nodosa <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889)</small> â Guatemala, Costa Rica
- Cyclosa norihisai <small>Tanikawa, 1992</small> â China, Japan
- Cyclosa oatesi <small>(Thorell, 1892)</small> â Myanmar (Table Is.)
- Cyclosa octotuberculata <small>Karsch, 1879</small> â China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
- Cyclosa oculata <small>(Walckenaer, 1802)</small> â Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East), Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China. Introduced to South Africa, Hawaii
- Cyclosa odateana <small>Kishida, 1915</small> â Japan
- Cyclosa ojeda <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Curaçao
- Cyclosa okumae <small>Tanikawa, 1992</small> â Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan
- Cyclosa olivenca <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Brazil
- Cyclosa olorina <small>Simon, 1900</small> â Hawaii
- Cyclosa omonaga <small>Tanikawa, 1992</small> â China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
- Cyclosa onoi <small>Tanikawa, 1992</small> â Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan
- Cyclosa oseret <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Brazil
- Cyclosa otsomarka <small>Barrion & Litsinger, 1995</small> â Philippines
- Cyclosa pantanal <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Brazil
- Cyclosa parangmulmeinensis <small>Barrion & Litsinger, 1995</small> â Philippines
- Cyclosa parangtarugoa <small>Barrion & Litsinger, 1995</small> â Philippines
- Cyclosa paupercula <small>Simon, 1893</small> â Malaysia (Borneo)
- Cyclosa pedropalo <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Colombia
- Cyclosa pellaxoides <small>Roewer, 1942</small> â Singapore
- Cyclosa pentatuberculata <small>Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995</small> â China
- Cyclosa perkinsi <small>Simon, 1900</small> â Hawaii
- Cyclosa picchu <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Peru
- Cyclosa pichilinque <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Mexico
- Cyclosa poweri <small>(Rainbow, 1916)</small> â Australia (New South Wales)
- Cyclosa pseudoculata <small>Schenkel, 1936</small> â China
- Cyclosa psylla <small>(Thorell, 1887)</small> â Myanmar, Japan
- Cyclosa punctata <small>Keyserling, 1879</small> â Brazil
- Cyclosa punjabiensis <small>Ghafoor & Beg, 2002</small> â Pakistan
- Cyclosa purnai <small>Keswani, 2013</small> â India
- Cyclosa pusilla <small>Simon, 1880</small> â New Caledonia
- Cyclosa quinqueguttata <small>(Thorell, 1881)</small> â India, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Taiwan
- Cyclosa reniformis <small>Zhu, Lian & Chen, 2006</small> â China
- Cyclosa rostrata <small>Zhou & Zhang, 2017</small> â China
- Cyclosa rubronigra <small>Caporiacco, 1947</small> â Costa Rica, Brazil
- Cyclosa sachikoae <small>Tanikawa, 1992</small> â Japan, China
- Cyclosa saismarka <small>Barrion & Litsinger, 1995</small> â Pakistan, Philippines
- Cyclosa sanctibenedicti <small>(Vinson, 1863)</small> â Réunion
- Cyclosa santafe <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Colombia
- Cyclosa sedeculata <small>Karsch, 1879</small> â Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan
- Cyclosa senticauda <small>Zhu & Wang, 1994</small> â China
- Cyclosa serena <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Chile, Argentina
- Cyclosa seriata <small>(Thorell, 1881)</small> â Indonesia (Java)
- Cyclosa shinoharai <small>Tanikawa & Ono, 1993</small> â Taiwan
- Cyclosa sierrae <small>Simon, 1870</small> â Southern Europe, Hungary, Ukraine, Turkey, Caucasus, Iran
- Cyclosa simoni <small>Tikader, 1982</small> â India
- Cyclosa simplicicauda <small>Simon, 1900</small> â Hawaii
- C. s. rufescens <small>Simon, 1900</small> â Hawaii
- Cyclosa spirifera <small>Simon, 1889</small> â Pakistan, India
- Cyclosa tamanaco <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Trinidad
- Cyclosa tapetifaciens <small>Hingston, 1932</small> â Panama, Argentina
- Cyclosa tardipes <small>(Thorell, 1895)</small> â Myanmar
- C. t. ignava <small>(Thorell, 1895)</small> â Myanmar
- Cyclosa tauraai <small>Berland, 1933</small> â French Polynesia (Marquesas Is., Society Is.)
- Cyclosa teresa <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Brazil
- Cyclosa tricolor <small>(Leardi, 1902)</small> â Philippines
- Cyclosa trilobata <small>(Urquhart, 1885)</small> â Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand
- Cyclosa tripartita <small>Tullgren, 1910</small> â Tanzania
- Cyclosa triquetra <small>Simon, 1895</small> â Mexico, Caribbean, Peru
- Cyclosa tropica <small>Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998</small> â Bangladesh
- Cyclosa tuberascens <small>Simon, 1906</small> â India
- Cyclosa turbinata <small>(Walckenaer, 1841)</small> â United States, Panama, West Indies, Galapagos. Introduced to Hawaii
- Cyclosa turvo <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Brazil
- Cyclosa vallata <small>(Keyserling, 1886)</small> â China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Papua New Guinea, Australia (Queensland)
- Cyclosa vankhedensis <small>Dhande, Bodkhe & Ahmad, 2017</small> â India
- Cyclosa vicente <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Colombia, Brazil, Argentina
- Cyclosa vieirae <small>Levi, 1999</small> â Peru, Brazil
- Cyclosa walckenaeri <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889)</small> â United States, Guyana, Caribbean
- Cyclosa woyangchuan <small>F. Zhang, M. S. Zhang & Zhu, 2010</small> â China
- Cyclosa xanthomelas <small>Simon, 1900</small> â Hawaii
- Cyclosa xingqing <small>Mi, Wang & Li, 2024</small> â China
- Cyclosa yaginumai <small>Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998</small> â Bangladesh
- Cyclosa zhangmuensis <small>Hu & Li, 1987</small> â China
- Cyclosa zhui <small>Zhou & Zhang, 2017</small> â China
References
Further reading