Cuthona is a genus of nudibranch in the family Cuthonidae.
Ecology
Cuthona species feed on hydroids, and have uniseriate radulae with polydentate radular teeth.
Taxonomic history
The type species of Cuthona is Cuthona nana, (Alder & Hancock, 1842). Some authorities consider the genera Catriona and Trinchesia to be synonymous with Cuthona. Most Cuthona species were transferred to other genera as a result of DNA phylogeny studies in 2016 and 2017.
Since then, Cuthona continues to be caught in the crossfire of a controversy that affects most heavily the family Trinchesiidae and any taxa that have been closely associated with it in the past, of which Cuthona is. Two teams of academics with radically different views on taxonomic method and integrity continue to publish papers near simultaneously with each other, that insist drastic taxonomic adjustments in opposite directions. The most recent publication belongs to Korshunova et al, 2025.
While The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) has cited Korshunova et al., 2025 across other taxonomic adjustments, in regards to Trinchesiidae and Cuthonidae there has yet to be adjustments.
Species
According to Korshunova et al. (2025), species in the genus Cuthona include:
Other known species of Cuthona that Korshunova et al. (2025) did not provide alternate placement for are as follows:
- Cuthona antarctica <small>(Pfeffer, 1886)</small> - Not to be confused with Galvinella antarctica <small>Eliot, 1907</small>
- Cuthona claviformis <small>(Vicente, 1974)</small>
- Cuthona crinita <small>(Minichev, 1972)</small>
- Cuthona destinyae <small>(Hermosillo & Valdés, 2007)</small>
- Cuthona fructuosa <small>(Bergh, 1892)</small>
- Cuthona georgiana <small>(Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886)</small>
- Cuthona germaini <small>Risbec, 1937</small> - nomen dubium
- Cuthona mimetica <small>Pruvot-Fol, 1930</small> - nomen dubium
- Cuthona giarannae <small>(Valdés, Moran & Woods, 2012)</small>
- Cuthona lizae <small>Angulo-Campillo & Valdés, 2003</small>
- Cuthona methana <small>(Valdés, Lundsten & N. G. Wilson, 2018)</small>
- Cuthona norvegica <small>(Odhner, 1929)</small>
- Cuthona paucicirra <small>Minichev, 1972</small>
- Cuthona phoenix <small>Gosliner, 1981</small>
- Cuthona rolleri <small>Gosliner & Behrens, 1988</small>
Species brought into synonymy:
- Cuthona abronia (<small>MacFarland, 1966)</small>: synonym of Abronica abronia
- Cuthona abyssicola <small>(Bergh, 1884)</small>: synonym of Cuthonella abyssicola
- Cuthona acinosa (<small>Risbec, 1928)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia acinosa - Uncertain taxon
- Cuthona akibai <small>(Baba, 1984)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia akibai
- Cuthona albocrusta <small>(MacFarland, 1966)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia albocrusta
- Cuthona albopunctata <small>(Schmekel, 1968)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia albopunctata
- Cuthona alpha <small>(Baba & Hamatani, 1963)</small>: synonym of Catriona alpha
- Cuthona amoena <small>(Alder & Hancock, 1845)</small>: synonym of Rubramoena amoena
- Cuthona anulata <small>(Baba, 1949)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia anulata
- Cuthona aurantia <small>(Alder & Hancock, 1842)</small>:synonym of Catriona aurantia
- Cuthona berghi <small>(Friele, 1902)</small>: synonym of Cuthonella abyssicola
- Cuthona barbadiana <small>(Edmunds & Just, 1983)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia barbadiana
- Cuthona behrensi <small>(Hermosillo & ÃÂ. Valdés, 2007)</small>: synonym of Hanatazuia behrensi
- Cuthona beta <small>(Baba & Abe, 1964)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia beta
- Cuthona bractea <small>(Burn, 1962)</small>: synonym of Tularia bractea
- Cuthona caerulea <small>(Montagu, 1804)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia caerulea
- Cuthona cocoachroma <small>Williams & Gosliner, 1979</small>: synonym of Margina cocoachroma
- Cuthona columbiana <small>(O'Donoghue, 1922)</small>: synonym of Catriona columbiana
- Cuthona concinna <small>(Alder & Hancock, 1843)</small>: synonym of Fiocuthona concinna
- Cuthona correai <small>(Ortea, Caballer & Moro, 2002)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia correai
- Cuthona diminutiva <small>(Gosliner, 1980)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia diminutiva
- Cuthona distans <small>Odhner, 1922</small>: synonym of Fiocuthona concinna <small>(Alder & Hancock, 1843)</small>
- Cuthona diversicolor <small>Baba, 1975</small>: synonym of Trinchesia diversicolor
- Cuthona elenae <small>(Martynov, 2000)</small>: synonym of Penistella elenae
- Cuthona elioti <small>Odhner, 1944</small>: synonym of Galvinella antarctica <small>Eliot, 1907</small>
- Cuthona emurai <small>(Baba, 1937)</small>: synonym of Hermissenda emurai
- Cuthona ferruginea <small>(Friele, 1902)</small>: synonym of Cuthonella abyssicola <small>(Bergh 1884)</small>
- Cuthona fidenciae <small>(Ortea, Moro & Espinosa, 1999)</small>:synonym of Trinchesia fidenciae
- Cuthona flavovulta <small>(MacFarland, 1966)</small>: synonym of Diaphoreolis flavovulta
- Cuthona foliata <small>(Forbes & Goodsir, 1839)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia foliata
- Cuthona fulgens <small>(MacFarland, 1966)</small>: synonym of Zelentia fulgens
- Cuthona futairo <small>(Baba, 1963)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia futairo
- Cuthona genovae <small>(O'Donoghue, 1929)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia genovae
- Cuthona granosa <small>(Schmekel, 1966)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia granosa
- Cuthona gymnota <small>(Couthouy, 1838)</small>: synonym of Catriona gymnota
- Cuthona hamanni <small>(Behrens, 1987)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia hamanni
- Cuthona henrici <small>Eliot, 1916</small>: synonym of Trinchesia henrici
- Cuthona herrerai <small>Ortea, Moro & Caballer, 2002</small>: synonym of Trinchesia herrerai
- Cuthona hiemalis <small>Roginskaya, 1987</small>: synonym of Nella hiemalis
- Cuthona ilonae <small>(Schmekel, 1968)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia ilonae
- Cuthona iris <small>Edmunds & Just, 1983</small>: synonym of Trinchesia iris
- Cuthona japonica <small>Baba, 1937</small>: synonym of Sakuraeolis japonica <small>(Baba, 1937)</small>
- Cuthona kanga <small>(Edmunds, 1970)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia kanga
- Cuthona kuiteri <small>Rudman, 1981</small>: synonym of Trinchesia kuiterorum
- Cuthona lagunae <small>(O'Donoghue, 1926)</small>: synonym of Diaphoreolis lagunae
- Cuthona leopardina <small>(Vayssière, 1888)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia leopardina
- Cuthona longi <small>Behrens, 1985</small>: synonym of Trinchesia longi
- Cuthona macquariensis <small>(Burn, 1973)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia macquariensis
- Cuthona marisalbi <small>Roginskaya, 1963</small>: synonym of Fiocuthona concinna
- Cuthona millenae <small>Hermosillo & Valdés, 2007</small>: synonym of Trinchesia millenae
- Cuthona mimar <small>(Ortea & Moro, 2018)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia mimar
- Cuthona miniostriata <small>(Schmekel, 1968)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia miniostriata
- Cuthona modesta <small>(Eliot, 1907)</small>: synonym of Cuthonella modesta
- Cuthona netsica <small>(Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1960)</small>: synonym of Njurja netsica
- Cuthona ocellata <small>(Schmekel, 1966)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia ocellata
- Cuthona odhneri <small>Er. Marcus, 1959</small>: synonym of Trinchesia odhneri
- Cuthona ornata <small>Baba, 1937</small>: synonym of Trinchesia ornata
- Cuthona osyoro <small>(Baba, 1940)</small>: synonym of Nella osyoro
- Cuthona pallida <small>(Eliot, 1906)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia pallida - Not to be confused with Tenellia pallida <small>(Alder & Hancock, 1845)</small>, synonym of Tenellia adspersa<small>(von Nordmann, 1845)</small>
- Cuthona perca <small>(Er. Marcus, 1958)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia perca
- Cuthona peregrina <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>: synonym of Cratena peregrina
- Cuthona pinnifera <small>(Baba, 1949)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia pinnifera
- Cuthona poritophages <small>Rudman, 1979</small>: synonym of Phestilla poritophages
- Cuthona puellula <small>(Baba, 1955)</small>synonym of Trinchesia puellula
- Cuthona pumilio <small>(Bergh, 1871)</small>synonym of Trinchesia pumilio
- Cuthona punicea <small>Millen, 1986</small>: synonym of Cuthonella punicea
- Cuthona purpureoanulata <small>(Baba, 1961)</small>: synonym of Abronica purpureoanulata
- Cuthona pusilla <small>(Bergh, 1898)</small>synonym of Trinchesia pusilla
- Cuthona pustulata <small>(Alder & Hancock, 1854)</small>: synonym of Zelentia pustulata
- Cuthona reflexa <small>(M. C. Miller, 1977)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia reflexa
- Cuthona riosi <small>Hermosillo & Valdés, 2008</small>synonym of Trinchesia riosi
- Cuthona rubescens <small>Picton & Brown, 1978</small>: synonym of Rubramoena rubescens
- Cuthona rubra <small>(Edmunds, 1964)</small>: synonym of Selva rubra
- Cuthona schraderi <small>Pfeffer, 1886</small>: synonym of Guyvalvoria paradoxa <small>Eliot, 1907</small>
- Cuthona scintillans <small>(Miller, 1977)</small>: synonym of Diaphoreolis scintillans
- Cuthona sibogae <small>(Bergh, 1905)</small>: synonym of Phestilla sibogae
- Cuthona speciosa <small>(Macnae, 1954)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia speciosa
- Cuthona stimpsoni <small>A. E. Verrill, 1879</small>: synonym of Ziminella salmonacea <small>(Couthouy, 1838)</small>
- Cuthona suecica <small>(Odhner, 1940)</small>: synonym of Xenocratena suecica
- Cuthona thelmae <small>(Burn, 1964)</small>: synonym of Toorna thelmae
- Cuthona thompsoni <small>Garcia, Lopez-Gonzalez & Garcia-Gomez, 1991</small>: synonym of Trinchesia thompsoni
- Cuthona tina <small>(Er. Marcus, 1957)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia tina
- Cuthona valentini <small>(Eliot, 1907)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia valentini
- Cuthona veronicae <small>(A. E. Verrill, 1880)</small>: synonym of Diaphoreolis veronicae
- Cuthona virens <small>(MacFarland, 1966)</small>: synonym of Trinchesia virens
- Cuthona viridis <small>(Forbes, 1840)</small>: synonym of Diaphoreolis viridis
- Cuthona willani <small>Cervera, Garcia-Gomez & Lopez-Gonzalez, 1992</small>:synonym of Trinchesia willani
- Cuthona yamasui <small>Hamatani, 1993</small>: synonym of Trinchesia yamasui
- Cuthona zelandica <small>Odhner, 1924</small>: synonym of Trinchesia zelandica
References
- Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp
External links