Crenicichla niederleinii is a species of cichlid native to South America. It is found in the Paraná River basin, in tributaries of the upper Paraná River in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. This species reaches a length of .
The fish is named in honor of German botanist Gustav Niederlein (1858âÂÂ1924), who was invited by the Argentinean ministry of agriculture to organize a herbarium, whereby he obtained the type specimen.