The Constitutional Court () is the court authorized to perform judicial review in Serbia. It rules on whether the laws, decrees or other bills enacted by the Serbian authorities are in conformity with the Constitution. It is not considered as part of the judicial branch, but a court sui generis.
The seat of the Constitutional Court is at the southern wing of the Main Post Office Palace in Belgrade. It consists of 15 judges, one of them being President of the Court.
The Constitutional Court of the Socialist Republic of Serbia (then part of SFR Yugoslavia) was established by the Constitution of Socialist Republic of Serbia, adopted on 9 April 1963. The Court was to act as an independent body designated to protect constitutionality and legality in accordance with the Constitution and within the framework of the rights and duties proscribed by the Constitution. The "Constitutional Law of the Socialist Republic of Serbia", enacted on 25 December 1963, defined jurisdiction and adjudications before the Constitutional Court and legal effects of its decisions in a more specific manner. The Constitutional Court commenced its work on 15 February 1964.
Following the decentralization reforms introduced by the 1974 Constitution of Yugoslavia two additional provincial constitutional courts existed within the Socialist Republic of Serbia in SAP Vojvodina and Kosovo. Provincial Constitutional Court of Vojvodina and Kosovo were abolished in 1990 with the Constitutional Court of Serbia assuming remaining pending cases.
The Constitutional Court has upon proclamation of the 1990 Constitution acted within the framework of absence of division of powers, where the National Assembly was the highest body of state power. The Constitutional Court has through its presence and work contributed to the importance and contribution in preservation of the constitutional principles and legality.
The Constitutional Court consists of 15 judges. Five of them are appointed by the President of the Republic, five by the National Assembly, and five are appointed at the General Session of the Supreme Court. Judges are elected to the 9-year term. The candidate for post of a constitutional court judge have to be accomplished jurist of at least 40 years of age and with at least 15 years of experience in jurisprudence. One person can be elected maximum of two times. After the election, the judges take oath before the President of the National Assembly.
The term of the Constitutional Court judge ends after 9 years since the election, or by resignation, by retirement or by impeachment. A constitutional court judge may not perform any other public office or any other job at all, except for being a professor at the law schools of one of the universities in Serbia. A constitutional court judge enjoys immunity from prosecution.
Composition (year of election in the parenthesis):
As of 2026, two seats are vacant.
The Library of the Constitutional Court is a specialized law library. The library is in charge of collecting, storing, cataloguing, and circulating literature from different branches of law, with special regard to constitutional legislation. The library is in possession of a large collection of monographs, serial publications, and collections of papers. In addition, it has an electronic database of legal acts.
The Constitutional Court Library owns a valuable collection of legal acts issued in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Library cooperates with the National Library of Serbia, Belgrade City Library, and libraries of similar profile.
This article incorporates text from the Constitutional Court of Serbia official site (http://www.ustavni.sud.rs/), which is in the public domain, because it is a law, decree, regulation or official material of a Republic of Serbia state body or a body performing public functions, under the terms of Article 6, Paragraph 2 of Serbian copyright law. See .