Under Germany's mixed member proportional system of election, the Bundestag has 299 constituencies ( (), electoral districts), which are used to elect members of the Bundestag.
Before the electoral reform in 2023, each constituency directly elected one MP, with the remaining seats being elected from the various party closed lists in each of Germany's sixteen states, distributed in a manner that ensures that the overall proportion of representatives for each party above the threshold was in proportion to the share of votes its lists received nationwide.
Since the 2023 reform, constituency seats have been allocated to the candidate with the most votes only if the party is proportionally entitled to the seat in that state. If a party has more constituency pluralities than it is proportionally entitled to seats in a state, only the best performing constituency winners, ranked by relative vote share, are elected. At the 2025 election, 23 constituencies had no candidate elected immediately from them, although other runner-ups from most of these constituencies were elected through their party's state list.
The 2025 German federal election on 23 February 2025 determined the members of the 21st Bundestag.