The Communist Party of Indochina () was one of three predecessors of the Communist Party of Vietnam, along with the Communist Party of Annam and the Communist League of Indochina.
In March 1929, radical members of the Vietnam Revolutionary Youth League (VARY) including Trần VÃÂn Cung, Nguyá» n ÃÂức Cảnh, Trá»Ânh ÃÂình Cá»Âu, ÃÂá» Ngá»Âc Du, Dðáng Hạc ÃÂÃÂnh, Ngô Gia Tá»±, Kim Tôn formed the first communist cell in French Indochina. This cell claimed its mission to become the core of a future communist party. Trần VÃÂn Cung was voted to be the secretary. Together with Trá»Ânh ÃÂình Cá»Âu and Kim Tôn he was voted to attend the congress of VARY, held in Hong Kong in May 1929. In this congress, these attendees proposed to transform VARY into a communist party. Their proposal was rejected by the VARY leadership. Trần, Trá»Ânh, and Kim walked out. They were later expelled from the Youth League.
On 17 June 1929, the cell met in Hanoi and decided to form the Communist Party of Indochina. They issued the party's political proclamation, led by Trá»Ânh ÃÂình Cá»Âu, Nguyá» n ÃÂức Cảnh, Ngô Gia Tá»±, Trần VÃÂn Cung. The party published Búa Liá»Âm (Hammer and Sickle) newspaper. Soon thereafter, the Communist Party of Annam was formed in Cochinchina in August 1929 and the New Revolutionary Party of Vietnam was transformed into the Communist League of Indochina in January 1930.
In 1930 following appeals for unity by Nguyá» n ÃÂi Quá»Âc, the Communist Party of Indochina united with the Communist Party of Annam and the Communist League of Indochina and founded the Communist Party of Vietnam.