Comephorus dybowskii, the little Baikal oilfish, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This fish is endemic to Lake Baikal in Russia.
The fish is named in honor of Polish biologist Benedykt Dybowski (1833-1930), who was known as the "learned professor who has studied this strange genus of fishes the most".