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Cobalt(II) oxide

Cobalt(II) oxide is an inorganic compound that has been described as an olive-green or gray solid. It is used extensively in the ceramics industry as an additive to create blue-colored glazes and enamels, as well as in the chemical industry for producing cobalt(II) salts. A related material is cobalt(II,III) oxide, a black solid with the formula Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>.

Structure and properties

CoO crystals adopt the periclase (rock salt) structure with a lattice constant of 4.2615 Å.

It is antiferromagnetic below .

CoO has a band gap of 2.5 eV.

Preparation

Cobalt(II) oxide is prepared by oxidation of cobalt powder with air or by thermal decomposition of cobalt(II) nitrate or the carbonate.

Cobalt(II,III) oxide decomposes to cobalt(II) oxide at 950&nbsp;°C:

2 Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> → 6 CoO + O<sub>2</sub>

It may also be prepared by precipitating the hydroxide, followed by thermal dehydration:

CoX<sub>2</sub> + 2 KOH → Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> + 2 KX
Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> → CoO + H<sub>2</sub>O

Reactions

As can be expected, cobalt(II) oxide reacts with mineral acids to form the corresponding cobalt salts:

CoO + 2 HX → CoX<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O

Applications

Cobalt(II) oxide has for centuries been used as a coloring agent on kiln fired pottery. The additive provides a deep shade of blue named cobalt blue. It also is used in cobalt blue glass.

See also

References