The Hiss Act (1954âÂÂPresent), added to the Civil Service Retirement Act of 1930 (part of the Civil Service Retirement System or CSRS) as Public Law 769 under Statute 68, denies pensions to US civil servants convicted of crimes related to national security, amended in 1961 and overturned in 1972 by its namesake Alger Hiss. Controversy arose over "cases where the courts had imposed minimal penalties, such as suspended sentences, small fines, or probation, yet the offenders and their families suffered the additional penalty of losing all annuity benefits, sometimes based on decades of service." In 1961, it was amended âÂÂretirement benefits to U.S. employees involved in minor offenses not connected with national security.â The law remains in effect to the present.
The bill took its name from Alger Hiss, a former US civil servant convicted in 1950 on two counts of perjury related to Soviet espionage in the United States. Its initial recording dubs it "An Act to prohibit payment of annuities to officers and employees of the United States convicted of certain offenses, and for other purposes."
On September 1, 1954, the Hiss Act passed. It removed pension rights of US civil servants convicted of crimes (who pleading Fifth Amendment protection). Its immediate effect was stop federal pension payments to Hiss.
Specifically, the Hiss Act âÂÂcontained a list of job- related Federal felonies, the conviction of which would bar retirement benefits that would be payable to Federal employees and their families. Most of the convictions under which annuities were denied were for violations of postal law and other felony convictions that did not involve national security.âÂÂ
Congressional hearings to amend the Hiss Act started as early as 1959.
On May 12, 1960, the US Senate voted back to committee a bill by the US House to remove application to any cases that excluded national security.
In June 1960, the New York Times reported on denials of G.I. pensions under the act.
In 1961, the US Congress amended the Hiss Act through bill HR 6141 as Public Law 83-769, which became law on September 26, 1961. The amendment restored federal retirement benefits to US civil servants âÂÂinvolved in minor offenses not connected with national security.âÂÂ
On March 3, 1972, the case âÂÂâÂÂHiss v. HamptonâÂÂâ filed by the American Civil Liberties Union on behalf of Alger Hiss and Richard Strasburger as plaintiffs, won restitution of their pensions in the United States District Court, District of Columbia, on the basis that the Hiss Act was an "ex post facto law." The Emergency Civil Liberties Committee hailed the reversal for Hiss as a victory for application that was âÂÂpenal rather than regulatory.â The government restored the pension to Hiss.
Books on law have recognized the reversals of the Hiss Act in the case of Alger Hiss.
On November 3, 1977, the US Department of Justice ruled against application of the Hiss Act against Richard Helms, former director of the Central Intelligence Agency, stating that he would âÂÂnot be barred by 5 U.S.C. ç 8314 from receiving an annuity or retired pay on the basis of his Federal service by virtue of his plea of âÂÂâÂÂnolo contendereâÂÂâ to two counts of violating 2 U.S.C. ç192 in connection with appearances before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on February 7 and March 6, 1973.âÂÂ
On February 9, 2006, Senator John Kerry introduced a bill, the "Federal Pension Forfeiture Act" (nicknamed the "Duke Cunningham Act"), to prevent lawmakers who have been convicted of official misconduct from collecting taxpayer-funded pensions.[59] The bill died in committee, by unanimous vote.
On September 12, 2013, the US Congress extended Hiss Act provisions to members of Congress.
In 2019, US Senator Steve Daines disclosed a bill to stop US civil servants convicted of child molestation from received their federal pensions, following investigation into former US Indian Health Service pediatrician Stanley Patrick Weber.
In 2022, the National Taxpayers Union Foundation reported âÂÂno congressional felons have lost their taxpayer-funded pension.âÂÂ
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