Cidaroida, also known as pencil urchins, is an order of primitive sea urchins, the only living order of the subclass Perischoechinoidea. All other orders of this subclass, which were even more primitive than the living forms, became extinct during the Mesozoic.
Description
Their primary spines are much more widely separated than in other sea urchins, and they have no buccal slits. Other primitive features include relatively simple plates in the test, and the ambulacral plates continuing as a series across the membrane that surrounds the mouth.
Families
According to World Register of Marine Species:
- family Anisocidaridae<small> Vadet, 1999</small> âÂÂ
- superfamily Cidaroidea<small> Gray, 1825</small>
- family Cidaridae<small> Gray, 1825</small>
- family Ctenocidaridae<small> Mortensen, 1928a</small>
- family Paurocidaridae<small> Vadet, 1999a</small> âÂÂ
- family Diplocidaridae<small> Gregory, 1900</small> âÂÂ
- family Heterocidaridae<small> Mortensen, 1934</small> âÂÂ
- superfamily Histocidaroidea<small> Lambert, 1900</small>
- family Histocidaridae<small> Lambert, 1900</small>
- family Psychocidaridae<small> Ikeda, 1936</small>
- family Miocidaridae<small> Durham & Melville, 1957</small> âÂÂ
- family Polycidaridae<small> Vadet, 1988</small> âÂÂ
- family Rhabdocidaridae<small> Lambert, 1900</small> âÂÂ
- family Serpianotiaridae<small> Hagdorn, 1995</small> âÂÂ
- family Triadocidaridae<small> Smith, 1994c</small> âÂÂ
References
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