Chrysolina is a large genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Chrysomelinae. Most species are distributed in Europe, Asia and Africa with a small number of species inhabiting North America (including introduced European ones) and introduced species in Australia.
The species Chrysolina cerealis and C. graminis are protected in the United Kingdom. All species of Chrysolina are phytophagous, feeding on specific food plants, and some of them have been used for biological control of weeds. To control Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort), C. hyperici was successfully naturalized in Australia in the 1930s and several species, especially C. quadrigemina, were introduced to California in the late 1940s.
Systematic classification of European species
- Order Coleoptera
- :Suborder Polyphaga
- ::Superfamily Chrysomeloidea <small>Latreille, 1802</small>
- :::Family Chrysomelidae <small>Latreille, 1802</small>
- ::::Subfamily Chrysomelinae <small>Latreille, 1802</small>
- :::::Genus Chrysolina <small>Motschulsky, 1860</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Allochrysolina
- :::::::Chrysolina fuliginosa <small>(Olivier, 1807)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina lepida <small>(Olivier 1807)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Anopachys
- :::::::Chrysolina aurichalcea <small>(Mannerheim, 1825)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina eurina <small>(Frivaldszky, 1883)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina relucens <small>(Rosenhauer, 1847)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina schatzmayri <small>(Muller, 1916)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Arctolina
- :::::::Chrysolina septentrionalis <small>(Menetries, 1851)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Bechynia
- :::::::Chrysolina milleri <small>(Weise, 1884)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina philotesia <small>Daccordi & Ruffo, 1980</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina platypoda <small>(Bechyné, 1950)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina substrangulata <small>Bourdonne, 1986</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Bittotaenia
- :::::::Chrysolina salviae <small>(Germar, 1824)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Cecchiniola
- :::::::Chrysolina platyscelidina <small>(Jacobson, 1898)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Centoptera
- :::::::Chrysolina bicolor <small>(Fabricius, 1775)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Chalcoidea
- :::::::Chrysolina analis <small>(Linnaeus, 1767)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina carnifex <small>(Fabricius, 1792)</small>
- ::::::::Chrysolina carnifex melanaria <small>(Suffrian, 1851)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina cinctipennis <small>(Harold, 1874)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina curvilinea <small>(Weise, 1884)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina hyrcana <small>(Weise, 1884)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina interstincta <small>(Suffrian, 1851)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina marginata <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina taygetana <small>Bechyné, 1952</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Chrysolina
- :::::::Chrysolina bankii <small>(Fabricius, 1775)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina costalis <small>(Olivier, 1807)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina fortunata <small>(Wollaston, 1864)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina obsoleta <small>(Brulle, 1838)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina rufa <small>(Duftschmid, 1825)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina staphylaea <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina wollastoni <small>Bechyné, 1957</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Chrysomorpha
- :::::::Chrysolina cerealis <small>(Linnaeus, 1767)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Colaphodes
- :::::::Chrysolina haemoptera <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Colaphoptera
- :::::::Chrysolina globosa <small>(Panzer, 1805)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina pliginskii <small>(Reitter, 1913)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina purpurascens <small>(Germar, 1822)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Colaphosoma
- :::::::Chrysolina sturmi <small>(Westhoff, 1882)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Craspeda
- :::::::Chrysolina jenisseiensis <small>(Breit, 1920)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina limbata <small>(Fabricius, 1775)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Cyrtochrysolina
- :::::::Chrysolina marcasitica <small>(Germar, 1824)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Erythrochrysa
- :::::::Chrysolina polita <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Euchrysolina
- :::::::Chrysolina graminis <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina virgata <small>(Motschulsky, 1860)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Heliostola
- :::::::Chrysolina carpathica <small>(Fuss, 1856)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina lichenis <small>(Richter, 1820)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina schneideri <small>(Weise, 1882)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Hypericia
- :::::::Chrysolina brunsvicensis <small>(Gravenhorst, 1807)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina corcyria <small>(Suffrian, 1851)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina cuprina <small>(Duftschmid, 1825)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina didymata <small>(Scriba, 1791)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina geminata <small>(Paykull, 1799)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina hyperici <small>(Forster, 1771)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina quadrigemina <small>(Suffrian, 1851)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Maenadochrysa
- :::::::Chrysolina affinis <small>(Fabricius, 1787)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina aveyronenesis <small>Bechyné, 1950</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina baetica <small>(Suffrian, 1851)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina femoralis <small>(Olivier, 1790)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Melasomoptera
- :::::::Chrysolina grossa <small>(Fabricius, 1792)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina lucida <small>(Olivier, 1807)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina lutea <small>(Petagna, 1819)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Mimophaedon
- :::::::Chrysolina pourtoyi <small>Bourdonne, 1996</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Ovosoma
- :::::::Chrysolina atrovirens <small>(Frivaldszky, 1876)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina cretica <small>(Olivier, 1807)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina halysa <small>Bechyné, 1950</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina orientalis <small>(Olivier, 1807)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina rhodia <small>Bechyné, 1950</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina sahlbergi <small>(Menetries, 1832)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina susterai <small>Bechyné, 1950</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina turca <small>(Fairmaire, 1865)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina vernalis <small>(Brulle, 1832)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Ovostoma
- :::::::Chrysolina globipennis <small>(Suffrian, 1851)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina olivieri <small>(Bedel, 1892)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Palaeosticta
- :::::::Chrysolina diluta <small>(Germar, 1824)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Rhyssoloma
- :::::::Chrysolina fragariae <small>(Wollaston, 1854)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Sphaerochrysolina
- :::::::Chrysolina umbratilis <small>(Weise, 1887)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Sphaeromela
- :::::::Chrysolina varians <small>(Schaller, 1783)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Stichoptera
- :::::::Chrysolina colasi <small>(Cobos, 1952)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina grancanariensis <small>(Lindberg, 1953)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina gypsophilae <small>(Kuster, 1845)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina latecincta <small>(Demaison, 1896)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina kuesteri <small>(Helliesen, 1912)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina lucidicollis <small>(Kuster, 1845)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina mactata <small>(Fairmaire, 1859)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina rossia <small>(Illiger, 1802)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina sanguinolenta <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina stachydis <small>(Gene, 1839)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina variolosa <small>(Petagna, 1819)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Sulcicollis
- :::::::Chrysolina chalcites <small>(Germar, 1824)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina oricalcia <small>(Muller O. F., 1776)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina peregrina <small>(Herrich-Schaeffer, 1839)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina rufoaenea <small>(Suffrian, 1851)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Synerga
- :::::::Chrysolina coerulans <small>(Scriba, 1791)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina herbacea <small>(Duftschmid, 1825)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina suffriani <small>(Fairmaire, 1859)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina viridana <small>(Kuster, 1844)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Taeniochrysea
- :::::::Chrysolina americana <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Taeniosticha
- :::::::Chrysolina reitteri <small>(Weise, 1884)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Threnosoma
- :::::::Chrysolina cribrosa <small>(Ahrens, 1812)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina fimbrialis <small>(Kuster, 1845)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina helopioides <small>(Suffrian, 1851)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina inflata <small>(Weise, 1916)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina joliveti <small>Bechyné, 1950</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina obenbergeri <small>Bechyné, 1950</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina obscurella <small>(Suffrian, 1851)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina osellai <small>(Daccordi & Ruffo, 1979)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina tagana <small>(Suffrian, 1851)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina timarchoides <small>(Brisout, 1882)</small>
- :::::::Chrysolina weisei <small>(Frivaldszky, 1883)</small>
- ::::::Subgenus Timarchida
- :::::::Chrysolina deubeli <small>(Ganglbauer, 1897)</small>
See also
References
External links