Chkalovsky District () was an administrative and municipal district (raion) in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It was located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district was . Its administrative center was the town of Chkalovsk. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 21,963, with the population of Chkalovsk accounting for 56.3% of that number.
The district was established in 1936 as Vasilyevsky District (), but was renamed in 1937 in honor of Valery Chkalov. Per Law #67-Z of May 13, 2015, the district was transformed into a town of oblast significance of Chkalovsk. In a similar manner, Law #59-Z of May 8, 2015 abolished Chkalovsky Municipal District and transformed it into Chkalovsk Urban Okrug.
As of May 2015, the district was administratively divided into 1 town of district significance (Chkalovsk) and 8 selsoviets (comprising 228 rural localities). Municipally, Chkalovsky Municipal District was divided into one urban settlement and eight rural settlements.